Epiglottitis

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Epiglottitis (pronounced: epi-glot-ti-tis) is a potentially life-threatening condition that occurs when the epiglottis — a small cartilage "lid" that covers your windpipe — swells, blocking the flow of air into your lungs.

Etymology

The term "Epiglottitis" is derived from the Greek words "epi" meaning "upon", "glottis" referring to the part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them, and "itis" which is a common suffix used in medicine to denote inflammation.

Symptoms

Symptoms of epiglottitis can include severe sore throat, difficulty and painful swallowing, abnormal sounds (stridor) when breathing in, fever, and difficulty speaking. In severe cases, it can lead to respiratory failure.

Causes

Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Other causes can include other bacteria and viruses, injury to the throat, and burns from hot liquids or foods.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of epiglottitis is typically made based on the symptoms and a physical examination. Tests such as X-ray or laryngoscopy may be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatment for epiglottitis usually involves securing the airway to ensure the person can breathe, followed by antibiotics to treat the infection. In severe cases, a procedure called a tracheostomy may be necessary.

Prevention

Vaccination against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is the most effective way to prevent epiglottitis.

Related Terms

External links

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