Exotoxins
Exotoxins
Exotoxins (/ɛkˈsoʊtɒksɪn/) are a type of toxin that is secreted by certain types of living bacteria. They are typically composed of protein and can cause damage to the host by destroying cells or disrupting normal cellular metabolism. They are highly potent and can cause major damage to the host. Exotoxins may be secreted, or, similar to endotoxins, may be released during lysis of the bacteria.
Etymology
The term "exotoxin" is derived from the Greek words "exo", meaning "outside", and "toxikon", meaning "poison". It refers to the toxin's ability to be secreted out of the bacteria and into the surrounding environment.
Types of Exotoxins
There are three main types of exotoxins: superantigens, AB toxins, and specific host site toxins. Superantigens cause an immune response, which can lead to toxic shock syndrome. AB toxins consist of one part that binds to the host cell and another part that disrupts the cell's function. Specific host site toxins specifically target certain parts of the body, such as the intestines, nerves, or kidneys.
Related Terms
- Endotoxins: These are toxins that are present inside a bacterial cell and are released when the cell disintegrates.
- Toxoid: This is a toxin that has been treated (typically with heat or chemicals) to destroy its toxic properties but that retains its ability to stimulate the production of antibodies when injected into the body.
- Antitoxin: This is a substance, often of biological origin, that neutralizes the harmful effects of a toxin.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Exotoxins
- Wikipedia's article - Exotoxins
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