Fertility rate

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Fertility rate

The fertility rate (pronounced: /fərˈtilədē rāt/) is a demographic measure that estimates the average number of children a woman would have over her lifetime. The fertility rate is a crucial indicator of population growth and demographic trends.

Etymology

The term "fertility rate" is derived from the Latin word "fertilis", meaning "fruitful" or "productive", and the English word "rate", which refers to a measure, quantity, or frequency.

Definition

The fertility rate is calculated by adding the birth rates of women in different age groups in a particular year. It is usually measured per 1,000 women of childbearing age (usually defined as ages 15 to 49) in a population.

Types of Fertility Rates

There are several types of fertility rates, including:

  • Total fertility rate (TFR): This is the average number of children a woman would have if she were to live to the end of her childbearing years and bear children according to the current age-specific fertility rates.
  • Age-specific fertility rate (ASFR): This is the number of births in a year to women in a particular age group, per 1,000 women in that age group.
  • Crude birth rate (CBR): This is the number of live births occurring among the population of a given geographical area during a given year, per 1,000 mid-year total population of the given geographical area during the same year.

Related Terms

  • Demography: The scientific study of human populations, including their sizes, compositions, distributions, densities, growth, and other characteristics, as well as the causes and consequences of changes in these factors.
  • Population growth: An increase in the number of individuals in a population.
  • Birth rate: The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a year.
  • Replacement level fertility: The total fertility rate at which a population exactly replaces itself from one generation to the next, without migration.

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