Flocculation
Flocculation
Flocculation (pronunciation: /flɒkjʊˈleɪʃən/) is a process in which colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent. The action differs from precipitation in that, prior to flocculation, colloids are merely suspended in a liquid and not actually dissolved in a solution.
Etymology
The term "flocculation" is derived from the Latin word 'flocculus' which means a small tuft of wool. It was first used in the English language in the early 19th century.
Process
In the flocculated system, there is no formation of a cake, since all the flocs are in the suspension. According to the "IUPAC definition", flocculation is "a process of contact and adhesion whereby the particles of a dispersion form larger-size clusters". Flocculation is synonymous with agglomeration, coagulation, coalescence, contact and adhesion.
Applications
Flocculation is used widely in sewage treatment, stormwater treatment and drinking water treatment. It is also used in certain dairy applications for the removal of fine, non-settleable solids from milk.
Related Terms
- Coagulation: The process by which a fluid, typically part of a liquid, changes state to a solid or semi-solid.
- Sedimentation: The process of removing solid particles from a liquid by allowing them to settle to the bottom of the container.
- Clarification: The process of making a liquid clear or pure by removing all impurities.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Flocculation
- Wikipedia's article - Flocculation
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