Blood substitute

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Blood Substitute

A Blood Substitute (pronunciation: /blʌd ˈsʌbstɪtjuːt/) is a substance used to mimic and fulfill some functions of biological blood. It aims to provide an alternative to blood transfusion, which is transferring blood or blood-based products from one person into the circulatory system of another.

Etymology

The term "Blood Substitute" is derived from the English words "blood" and "substitute". "Blood" comes from the Old English blōd, and "substitute" originates from the Latin substitutus, past participle of substituere meaning 'to put in place of'.

Types of Blood Substitutes

There are two main types of blood substitutes: Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) and Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions.

  • Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) are made from either human or bovine hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is the molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues.
  • Perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions are made from perfluorocarbon chemicals and can carry oxygen and carbon dioxide. They are less likely to cause allergic reactions and can be stored for longer periods.

Advantages and Disadvantages

Blood substitutes can be advantageous as they can be stored for long periods, do not carry the risk of transmitting blood-borne diseases, and do not need to be matched for blood type. However, they also have disadvantages such as potential toxicity and the inability to perform all the functions of real blood.

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