Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an Incretin hormone that is produced in the K cells of the duodenum and the jejunum of the small intestine. The release of GIP is stimulated by the ingestion of fat and carbohydrate.

Pronunciation

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide: /ɡluːkoʊs dɪˈpɛndənt ˌɪnsəlɪnoʊˈtrɒpɪk ˌpɒliˈpeɪptɪd/

Etymology

The term "Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide" is derived from its function. "Glucose-dependent" refers to the fact that the release of this hormone is stimulated by the presence of glucose. "Insulinotropic" refers to its ability to stimulate the release of insulin. "Polypeptide" refers to its structure, which is a chain of amino acids.

Function

GIP functions to stimulate insulin secretion from the beta cells of the pancreas in a glucose-dependent manner. This means that the release of insulin is stimulated when the levels of glucose in the blood are high. GIP also promotes the synthesis and release of insulin from the pancreatic beta cells.

Related Terms

Incretin: A group of metabolic hormones that stimulate a decrease in blood glucose levels.
K cells: Cells in the lining of the duodenum and the jejunum that release GIP.
Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach.
Jejunum: The part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum.
Small intestine: The part of the gastrointestinal tract between the stomach and the large intestine.
Fat: One of the three main macronutrients, along with carbohydrate and protein.
Carbohydrate: A biomolecule consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms.
Beta cells: A type of cell in the pancreas in areas called the islets of Langerhans.
Pancreas: A glandular organ in the digestive system and endocrine system of vertebrates.
Insulin: A peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets.

External links

Medical encyclopedia article on Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
Wikipedia's article - Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide

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