Genetically modified organism

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Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

Genetically Modified Organism (jee-net-ick-lee moh-dih-fied or-gan-izm), often abbreviated as GMO, is an organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. The etymology of the term comes from the words "genetic" (relating to genes), "modified" (changed or altered), and "organism" (a living thing).

History

The concept of GMOs has its roots in the early 20th century, with the discovery of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and the understanding of its role in heredity. However, the first genetically modified organism was not created until 1973, when Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen used recombinant DNA technology to create a genetically modified bacterium.

Techniques

There are several techniques used in the creation of GMOs, including gene splicing, Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR), and transgenesis. These techniques allow scientists to insert, delete, or modify the DNA of an organism.

Applications

GMOs have a wide range of applications, including in agriculture, where they are used to create crops that are resistant to pests, diseases, and harsh environmental conditions. They are also used in medicine, for the production of insulin, vaccines, and other therapeutic proteins.

Controversies

Despite their potential benefits, GMOs have been the subject of numerous controversies. These include concerns about their impact on biodiversity, the potential for genetic pollution, and the ethics of genetic manipulation.

See Also

References

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