Genotype
Genotype
The Genotype (/ˈdʒɛnəˌtaɪp/) is a term used in the field of genetics to describe the genetic constitution of an individual organism. The term was coined by the Danish botanist, plant physiologist and geneticist Wilhelm Johannsen in 1903.
Etymology
The term "Genotype" is a portmanteau of the words "gene" and "type". It originates from the Greek words "genos" meaning "race, kind" and "typos" meaning "imprint, model".
Definition
The genotype of an organism is the genetic code in its cells. This genetic constitution of an individual influences – but is not solely responsible for – many of its traits. The phenotype is the visible or expressed trait, such as hair color. The phenotype is influenced by the genotype and the environment.
Related Terms
- Phenotype: The set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
- Allele: One of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.
- Homozygous: Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
- Heterozygous: Having two different alleles for a particular gene.
- Dominant gene: A gene that is expressed phenotypically in heterozygous or homozygous individuals.
- Recessive gene: A gene that is phenotypically expressed in the homozygous state but has its expression masked in the presence of a dominant gene.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Genotype
- Wikipedia's article - Genotype
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