Glossary of research terms

• Aborted fetus
• Abortion rate
• Abortion ratio
• Absolute difference
• Absolute poverty
• Absolute risk increase
• Absolute risk reduction
• Absolute risk
• Abstract
• Academic clinical trials
• Academic detailing
• Academic dissertation
• Acceptability
• Access to health services
• Accessibility of health services
• Accident prevention
• Accountability
• Accreditation
• Achievable health impact
• Action research
• Active alternatives
• Activities of daily living
• Actuarial analysis
• Acute care (short-stay)
• Additive model
• Additive
• Addresses
• Adequacy
• Adjusted analysis
• Adjusted rate
• Adjustment
• Adolescent fertility rate
• Adolescent health services
• Adolescent medicine
• Adolescent
• Adult literacy rate
• Adult mortality rate
• Adverse drug reaction reporting systems
• Adverse drug reaction
• Adverse effect
• Adverse event
• Advice
• Advocacy and support groups
• Advocacy
• Affordability
• Age distribution
• Age factors
• Age of consent
• Age specific rate
• Age standardization
• Age-dependency ratio
• Age-sex structure
• Age-specific mortality rate
• Age-standardized mortality rate
• Agent
• Aggregate data
• Aging of population
• Aging
• Alert threshold
• Alerting systems
• Algorithm
• Allocation concealment
• Allocation ratio
• Allocation sequence
• Allocative efficiency
• Alpha level
• Alternative hypothesis
• Ambulatory care facilities
• Ambulatory care
• Analysis of variance
• Analytic epidemiology
• Analytical study
• Anecdote
• Animal care committees
• Animal experimentation
• Animal model
• Animal study
• Annual birth average
• Annual death average
• Annual population growth rate
• Annual report
• Anonymous linked information
• Anonymous testing
• Antenatal care coverage - at least four visits
• Antenatal care coverage - at least one visit
• Antenatal care coverage
• Antenatal care
• Anthropometry
• Applicability
• Applicable regulatory requirement
• Applied epidemiology
• Appropriate(ness)
• Approval
• Approved drugs
• Area under curve
• Argument
• Arithmetic mean
• Arm
• Ascertainment bias
• Assessment
• Assignment
• Assisted reproductive technology
• Association
• Atlas
• Attack rate
• Attributable health impact
• Attributable proportion
• Attributable risk
• Attrition bias
• Attrition
• Audit certificate
• Audit report
• Audit trail
• Audit
• Autocorrelation
• Autonomy
• Availability
• Average cost
• Average length of stay
• Average
• Balancing equation
• Bar chart
• Baseline assessment
• Baseline characteristics
• Baseline data
• Baseline risk
• Baseline
• Basic reproduction number
• Basic risk
• Bayes theorem
• Bayesian approaches
• Bayesian statistics
• Bed conversion
• Bed days
• Bed occupancy
• Before-and-after study
• Behavioral research
• Bell-shaped curve
• Benchmark
• Benchmarking
• Beneficence
• Benefits
• Best evidence
• Best practice
• Bias prevention
• Bias
• Bibliographic database
• Bibliography
• Binomial distribution
• Bioavailable
• Biobibliography
• Biochemical pregnancy
• Bioethical issues
• Bioethics
• Biography
• Bioinformatics
• Biologic transmission
• Biological availability
• Biological drug
• Biological marker
• Biological plausibility
• Biomedical research
• Biometric identification
• Biometrics
• Biometry
• Biostatistics
• Biotechnology
• Birth control
• Birth interval
• Birth rate for unmarried women
• Birth rate
• Birth weight
• Births attended by skilled health personnel
• Births by caesarean section
• Blind assessment
• Blind review
• Blind
• Blinded study
• Blinding
• Block randomization
• Book reviews
• Boolean operators
• Booster sessions
• Box plot
• Budget
• Burden of disease
• Burden of proof
• Calories availability
• Capacity building
• Capital expenditure
• Caregiver
• Carry over
• Case definition
• Case fatality rate
• Case management
• Case mix
• Case rate
• Case report form
• Case report
• Case series
• Case study
• Case-control study
• Case
• Casuistry
• Catchment area
• Catchment population
• Categorical data
• Categorical variables
• Causal effect
• Causality
• Cause of death
• Cause of disease
• Cause-specific mortality rate
• Causes of death among children aged less than 5 years
• Censored
• Census
• Central tendency
• Certification
• Channeling bias
• Checklist effect
• Checklist
• Chi-square distribution
• Child health services
• Child mortality rate
• Child mortality
• Child-woman ratio
• Child
• Childbearing years
• Childbirth
• Childlessness
• Children under 5 years overweight
• Children under 5 years stunted
• Children under 5 years underweight
• Chronology
• Civil defense
• Class interval
• Classical article
• Clinical audit
• Clinical coder
• Clinical conference
• Clinical data acquisition
• Clinical decision support system
• Clinical effectiveness
• Clinical ethics committees
• Clinical ethics
• Clinical gestalt
• Clinical governance
• Clinical guideline
• Clinical investigation
• Clinical investigator
• Clinical medicine
• Clinical monitoring
• Clinical nursing research
• Clinical outcome
• Clinical pathway
• Clinical practice guideline
• Clinical prediction rule
• Clinical pregnancy rate
• Clinical pregnancy with fetal heart beat
• Clinical pregnancy
• Clinical protocol
• Clinical quality improvement
• Clinical research
• Clinical researcher
• Clinical series
• Clinical surveillance
• Clinical trial management system
• Clinical trial protocol
• Clinical trial/study report
• Clinical trial
• Clinical
• Clinically significant
• Clinician
• Closed population
• Clouded thinking
• Cluster analysis
• Cluster assignment
• Cluster randomized trial
• Cluster sampling
• Cluster
• Co-intervention
• Codes of ethics
• Coding
• Coercion
• Cohort analysis
• Cohort effect
• Cohort study
• Cohort
• Coitus
• Collaborative trialists’ group
• Collected works
• Comment
• Commissioning
• Communitarian ethics
• Community effectiveness
• Community health aides
• Community health nursing
• Community health planning
• Community health services
• Community health worker
• Community medicine
• Community programs
• Community-based clinical trial
• Community-based participatory research
• Community-based research
• Community
• Comorbidity
• Comparative effectiveness research
• Comparative study
• Comparator
• Comparison groups
• Compassionate use trial
• Compassionate use
• Complete follow-up
• Completed fertility rate
• Completeness of reporting
• Completeness
• Completer analysis
• Compliance
• Composite endpoint
• Computer decision support system
• Computer-assisted decision making
• Concealment
• Conditional probability
• Condom use at higher risk sex among young people aged 15-24 years
• Condom use during higher-risk sex
• Confidence interval
• Confidence limits
• Confidentiality regarding trial participants
• Confidentiality
• Conflict of interest
• Confounded comparison
• Confounding variable
• Congresses
• Conjoint analysis
• Consecutive case series
• Consecutive sample
• Consecutive sampling
• Consensus building
• Consensus development conference
• Consensus
• Consistency
• Construct validity
• Consumer health information
• Consumer participation
• Consumer satisfaction
• Contact tracing
• Contamination
• Content validity
• Context
• Contingency planning
• Contingency table
• Contingent valuation
• Continuous data
• Continuous variable
• Contraception
• Contraceptive agents
• Contraceptive methods
• Contraceptive prevalence
• Contract research organization
• Contract
• Contraindication
• Control animal
• Control event rate
• Control group
• Control program
• Control
• Controlled before and after study
• Controlled clinical trial
• Controlled trial
• Convenience sample
• Convenience survey
• Conventional treatment
• Coordinating committee
• Coordinating investigator
• Copyright
• Corrected and republished article
• Correlation coefficient
• Correlation
• Cost allocation
• Cost control
• Cost of illness
• Cost-benefit analysis
• Cost-effectiveness acceptability curve
• Cost-effectiveness analysis
• Cost-effectiveness efficiency frontier
• Cost-minimization analysis
• Cost-utility analysis
• Coverage of vital registration of deaths
• Coverage
• Credentialing
• Credibility
• Criteria of causation
• Critical appraisal criteria
• Critical appraisal
• Critiquing
• Cross-border health risks
• Cross-cultural comparison
• Cross-sectional study
• Cross-tabulation table
• Crossover randomized trial
• Crossover study
• Crude birth rate
• Crude divorce rate
• Crude marriage rate
• Crude mortality rate
• Crude prevalence rate
• Crude rate
• Cumulative frequency curve
• Cumulative frequency
• Cumulative incidence
• Cumulative meta-analysis
• Curriculum
• Data and safety monitoring board
• Data clarification form
• Data cleansing
• Data collection
• Data dredging
• Data management
• Data monitoring committee
• Data pooling
• Data set
• Data validation
• Database management system
• Database
• Day care
• Death-to-case ratio
• Decimal places
• Decision aid
• Decision analysis
• Decision making
• Decision support techniques
• Decision tree
• Defensive medicine
• Degrees of belief
• Degrees of freedom
• Delivery of health care
• Demographic information
• Demographic transition
• Demography
• Denominator
• Density of community health workers
• Density of environment and public health workers
• Density of nursing and midwifery personnel
• Density of other health service providers
• Density of physicians
• Deontological
• Dependency ratio
• Dependent variable
• Depopulation
• Descriptive bibliography
• Descriptive epidemiology
• Descriptive statistics
• Descriptive study
• Design effect
• Design
• Detection bias
• Determinant
• Deterministic method of allocation
• Device approval
• Diagnosis-related group
• Diagnostic error
• Diagnostic test approval
• Diagnostic trials
• Dichotomous data
• Dichotomous variable
• Dictionary
• Differential diagnosis
• Differential verification bias
• Diffusion research
• Direct access
• Directional research hypothesis
• Directory
• Disability-adjusted life years (DALY)
• Disbenefits
• Discharge
• Disclosure
• Discounting
• Discrete or discontinuous data
• Discriminant analysis
• Disease management
• Disease notification
• Disease registry
• Disease surveillance
• Disease-free survival
• Disease-specific health-related quality of life
• Disentanglement strategies
• Dispensary
• Dissemination research
• Distribution of causes of death among children under 5 years
• Distribution of years of life lost by broader causes
• Distribution
• Distributive justice
• Divorce demography
• Documentation
• Dose dependent
• Dose response relationship
• Dose-limiting
• Dose-ranging study
• Dose-rate
• Dose
• Dot plot
• Double effect principle
• Double-blind study
• Double-dummy
• Doubling time
• Downstream costs
• Drillability
• Dropout
• Drug approval
• Drug class effects
• Drug design
• Drug development
• Drug discovery
• Drug dose-response relationship
• Drug evaluation
• Drug interaction
• Drug monitoring
• Drug repositioning
• Drug toxicity
• Drug
• Duplicate publication
• Duplication
• Duty to recontact
• Duty to warn
• E-epidemiology
• E-health
• Early diagnosis
• Early termination of clinical trials
• Eclipsing
• Ecological study
• Economic analysis
• Economic epidemiology
• Economic evaluation
• Economic outcome
• Ectopic pregnancy
• Editorial board
• Editorial policies
• Editorial review
• Editorial
• Educational meetings
• Effect modifiers (epidemiology)
• Effect size
• Effectiveness research
• Effectiveness
• Efficacy research
• Efficacy
• Efficiency
• Egger's method
• Electronic data capture
• Electronic health record
• Eligibility criteria
• Embryo loss
• Embryo research
• Embryo
• Emergency management
• Emergency medical services
• Emergency threshold
• Empirical research
• Empirical
• Encyclopedia
• Endemic disease
• Endemic
• Endpoint determination
• Endpoint
• Enrollment
• Environment and public health workers
• Environmental epidemiology
• Environmental exposure
• Environmental factor
• Environmental health
• Environmental medicine
• Environmental monitoring
• Environmental strategies
• Ephemera
• Ephemeral literature
• Epidemic curve
• Epidemic model
• Epidemic period
• Epidemic threshold
• Epidemic
• Epidemiologic factors
• Epidemiologic measurements
• Epidemiologic research design
• Epidemiologic studies
• Epidemiologic study characteristics
• Epidemiologic triad
• Epidemiological transition
• Epidemiology
• Episode of care
• Episodes of illness
• Equality
• Equipment failure analysis
• Equipoise
• Equity in health
• Equity
• Equivalence trial
• Essay
• Essential documents
• Essential drugs
• Essential national health research
• Estimate of effect
• Estimated general mortality rate
• Ethical approval
• Ethical review
• Ethicist
• Ethics committees
• Ethics consultation
• Ethics
• Ethnic approach
• Ethnic group
• Ethnicity
• Etiology
• Evaluability assessment
• Evaluable disease
• Evaluable patients
• Evaluation method
• Evaluation of program planning
• Evaluation resources
• Evaluation studies
• Evaluation tools
• Evaluation
• Event rate
• Event
• Evidence based public health
• Evidence review
• Evidence-based experts
• Evidence-based guidelines
• Evidence-based health care
• Evidence-based health promotion
• Evidence-based individual decision making
• Evidence-based medical ethics
• Evidence-based medicine
• Evidence-based nursing
• Evidence-based policy making
• Evidence-based practice
• Evidence-based practitioners
• Evidence
• Excess mortality rate
• Exclusion criteria
• Exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months
• Expanded access trial
• Expanded access
• Experimental drug
• Experimental event rate
• Experimental intervention
• Experimental study
• Experimental therapy
• Experimental
• Expert opinion
• Explanatory trial
• Exposed group
• Exposure assessment
• Exposure
• External evaluation
• External resources for health
• External validity
• Externality
• Extramural
• Extrapolation
• Extremely low birth weight
• Extremely preterm birth
• Factorial design
• Factual databases
• Fail-safe N
• False negative rate
• False negative reactions
• False negative
• False positive rate
• False positive reactions
• False positive
• Family characteristics
• Family health
• Family planning policy
• Family planning services
• Family planning
• Family practice
• Family
• Fatal outcome
• Feasibility study
• Fecundability
• Fecundity
• Feedback effect
• Female genital mutilation
• Fertility
• Fertilization
• Fetal death ratio
• Fetal death
• Fetal mortality rate
• Fetal mortality
• Fetal research
• Fetal viability
• Fetus
• Fidelity of implementation
• Field work
• File drawer problem
• Financial resource allocation
• First trimester pregnancy
• Fixed costs
• Fixed-effect model
• Flexibility
• Focus group discussion
• Focus group
• Follow-up (complete)
• Follow-up assessment
• Follow-up studies
• Follow-up
• Forced-choice format
• Forecasting
• Forest plot
• Formative evaluation
• Formulary
• Founder effect
• Fraud
• Frequencies
• Frequency distribution curve
• Frequency distribution table
• Frequency distribution
• Frequency polygon
• Frequentist methods
• Full analysis set
• Functional status
• Funding
• Funnel plot
• Gatekeeper
• Gender identity
• Gender
• General estimated mortality rate, adjusted by age
• General fertility rate
• General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total expenditure on health
• General government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure
• General government expenditure on health
• Generalizability
• Generation of allocation sequence
• Generic drug
• Generic health-related quality of life
• Genetic epidemiology
• Genetic research
• Geometric mean
• Gestational age
• Global assessment variable
• Global burden of disease
• Global health
• Goal free evaluation
• Gold standard
• Good clinical practice
• Government programs
• Government publications
• Grantsmanship
• Gravidity
• Grey literature
• Gross primary enrollment ratio
• Gross reproduction rate
• Group practice
• Growth rate
• Guidance
• Guideline
• Handbook
• Harm reduction
• Harms
• Hawthorne effect
• Hazard identification
• Hazard rate
• Hazard ratio
• Hazard
• Health benefit
• Health care consumer
• Health care costs
• Health care evaluation mechanisms
• Health care inequality
• Health care provider
• Health care quality indicators
• Health care rationing
• Health care sector
• Health care surveys
• Health care system
• Health care
• Health centre
• Health determinants
• Health economics
• Health education
• Health ethics
• Health expectancy
• Health expenditures
• Health facilities
• Health financing
• Health for all policy
• Health gain
• Health geography
• Health impact assessment
• Health impacts
• Health indicator
• Health inequalities impact assessment
• Health inequality
• Health inequity
• Health informatics
• Health information system
• Health information technology
• Health life expectancy (HALE) at birth
• Health literacy
• Health management and support workers
• Health manpower
• Health outcomes
• Health personnel
• Health plan implementation
• Health plan
• Health planning
• Health policy
• Health priorities
• Health profile
• Health promotion
• Health protection
• Health resources
• Health sector
• Health services administration
• Health services misuse
• Health services needs and demand
• Health services research
• Health services
• Health state
• Health status disparities
• Health status indicator
• Health status
• Health survey
• Health system
• Health target
• Health technology assessment
• Health technology
• Health transition
• Health utility
• Health-related quality of life
• Health
• Healthy control
• Heterogeneity
• Heterogeneous
• Hierarchical regression
• Hierarchy of evidence
• High-risk group
• High-risk pregnancy
• Histogram
• Historic cohort study
• Historical article
• Historical cohort design
• Historical control subject
• Historical control
• Home care
• Homogeneous
• Horizontal equity
• Hospital bed
• Hospital beds ratio
• Hospital beds
• Hospital costs
• Hospital discharges ratio
• Hospital mortality
• Hospital
• Hospital bed capacity
• Host factor
• Host
• Household
• Human capital
• Human development index
• Human experimentation
• Human resources
• Human rights
• Human subject research
• Human subject
• Hyperendemic disease
• Hypothesis test
• Hypothesis
• I2
• Ignorance of risks
• Illusion of certainty
• Impact evaluation
• Impact factor
• Impact
• Impartial witness
• Implementation research
• Implementation
• Imprecision
• In vitro
• In vivo
• In-depth interview
• Inception cohort
• Incidence rate
• Incidence
• Incidental findings
• Inclusion criteria
• Incorporation bias
• Incremental analysis
• Incubation period
• Independent association
• Independent ethics committee
• Independent variable
• Independent
• Index date
• Index test
• Index
• Indication
• Indicators
• Indirect costs and benefits
• Individual data
• Individual patient data meta-analysis
• Individual patient data
• Induced abortion
• Inequity in access to health services
• Inequity in health
• Inequity in receipt of health services
• Infant mortality rate
• Infant mortality
• Infant
• Infection control
• Inference
• Infertility
• Information dissemination
• Informational redundancy
• Informed consent document
• Informed consent
• Initial situation
• Inpatient treatment
• Inpatient
• Input
• Inspection
• Institution
• Institutional ethics
• Institutional review board
• Instruments
• Intent to treat
• Intention to treat analysis
• Interaction
• Interactive programs
• Interim analysis
• Interim clinical trial/study report
• Internal evaluator
• Internal validity
• Interobserver reliability
• Interpolation
• Interquartile range
• Interrater reliability
• Interrupted time series
• Intersectoral action
• Intervention group
• Intervention name
• Intervention studies
• Intervention-specific instruments
• Intervention
• Interview
• Interviewer bias
• Intraclass correlation coefficient
• Intramural
• Intrarater reliability
• Introductory journal article
• Inverse of variance
• Investigational drug
• Investigational new drug application
• Investigational new drug
• Investigational
• Investigator triangulation
• Investigator's brochure
• Investigator
• Justice
• Kappa statistic
• Key informant
• Key words
• L'Abbé plot
• Laboratory manual
• Language bias
• Latency period
• Lay knowledge
• Lead time bias
• Lead time
• Lecture notes
• Lecture
• Legally acceptable representative
• Legislation
• Length time bias
• Letter
• Levels of evidence
• Life expectancy at birth
• Life expectancy
• Life skills programs
• Life skills
• Life span
• Life style
• Life table
• Likelihood functions
• Likelihood ratio of a negative test
• Likelihood ratio of a positive test
• Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing
• Likert format
• Likert scale
• Limit of detection
• Linear models
• Linear regression
• Linear scale
• Linkage and exchange strategies
• Literacy rate
• Literature review
• Live birth
• Local consensus process
• Local opinion leaders
• Log-odds ratio
• Logarithmic scale
• Logic model
• Logic of evidence based practice
• Logistic models
• Logistic regression
• Long-term care
• Long-term outcomes
• Longitudinal prospective study
• Longitudinal study
• Loss to follow-up
• Lot quality assurance sampling
• Low birth weight
• Low birthweight proportion
• Low-birth-weight newborns
• Magnitude
• Malpractice
• Managed care programs
• Managed care
• Manuscript
• Margin
• Marginal cost
• Marital fertility rate
• Markov chain
• Markov model
• Marriage
• Mass media campaigns
• Mass media
• Mass screening
• Matched-pair analysis
• Matching
• Maternal death
• Maternal health services
• Maternal mortality ratio, reported
• Maternal mortality ratio
• Maternal mortality
• Maternal-child health centers
• Maximum tolerated dose
• Mean age
• Mean difference
• Mean
• Measure of association
• Measure of central location
• Measure of dispersion
• Measurement bias
• Measurement validity
• Median age
• Median survival
• Median
• Medical algorithm
• Medical audit
• Medical classification
• Medical consensus
• Medical economics
• Medical error
• Medical ethics
• Medical guideline
• Medical informatics
• Medical journal
• Medical law
• Medical literature
• Medical malpractice
• Medical practice
• Medical record
• Medical statistics
• Medically assisted reproduction
• Medication adherence
• Medication error
• Medication
• Medicine
• Meeting abstracts
• Member checking
• Mendelian randomization analysis
• Mendelian randomization
• Meta-analysis
• Meta-regression
• Meta-synthesis
• Methodological rigor
• Methodology
• Mid-range
• Midwife
• Midwifery
• Millennium development goals
• Minimal important difference
• Minimization
• Minor
• Minority health
• Miscarriage
• Missed abortion
• Mixed-methods study
• Mode
• Molecular epidemiology
• Monitoring report
• Monitoring
• Monograph
• Monte Carlo method
• Moral hazard
• Moral obligations
• Morbidity rate
• Morbidity
• Mortality rate
• Mortality reduction
• Mortality
• Multi-arm trial
• Multicenter study
• Multidisciplinary opinion
• Multilevel analysis
• Multiphasic screening
• Multiple birth
• Multiple comparisons
• Multiple pregnancy
• Multiple regression
• Multiplicative model
• Multiplicity
• Multistage sampling
• Multivariate analysis
• N of 1 randomized trial
• Narration
• Narrative data
• Narrative review
• Narrative systematic review
• Natality
• National health programs
• Natural history of disease
• Natural history study
• Natural history
• Necessary cause
• Needs assessment
• Negative correlation
• Negative effect
• Negative likelihood ratio
• Negative predictive value
• Negative study
• Neonatal intensive care unit
• Neonatal intensive care
• Neonatal mortality rate
• Neonatal mortality
• Neonatal period
• Neonatal screening
• Net primary school enrolment rate
• Net reproduction rate
• Neural network
• New drug application
• News
• No-observed-adverse-effect level
• Nominal categorical data
• Nominal scale
• Nominal variable
• Nomogram
• Non-inferiority trial
• Non-interactive programs
• Non-maleficence
• Non-nominal linked information
• Non-regular sexual partner
• Non-systematic review
• Nonadherent
• Nonblinded
• Nonclinical study
• Nonconsecutive case series
• Nonparametric statistics
• Nonprobability sampling
• Nonrandomized clinical trial
• Nonrandomized study
• Nontherapeutic human experimentation
• Normal curve
• Normal distribution curve
• Normal distribution
• Not significant/non-significant
• Null hypothesis
• Null result
• Nulligravida
• Nullipara
• Number needed to harm
• Number needed to screen
• Number needed to treat for a meta-analysis
• Number needed to treat
• Number of community health workers
• Number of days/years gained or lost
• Number of environment and public health workers
• Number of infant deaths, reported
• Number of maternal deaths, reported
• Number of nursing and midwifery personnel
• Number of other health service providers
• Number of outpatient care facilities
• Number of physicians
• Numerical variables
• Nuptiality
• Nurse
• Nursing administration research
• Nursing audit
• Nursing care
• Nursing education research
• Nursing ethics
• Nursing evaluation research
• Nursing methodology research
• Nursing research
• Objective improvement
• Objective response
• Objectives
• Objectivity
• Obligation
• Observation
• Observational study
• Observer bias
• Observer variation
• Obstetric delivery
• Obstetric labor
• Occupancy rate
• Occupational health
• Odds ratio
• Odds reduction
• Odds
• Off the shelf reviews
• Off-label use
• Off-label
• One-tailed test
• Open clinical trial
• Open label study
• Open sequential design
• Open-ended question
• Operational objectives
• Operations research
• Opportunities
• Opportunity cost
• Ordinal categorical data
• Ordinal data
• Ordinal scale
• Organizational case studies
• Orphan drugs
• Other health workers
• Outbreak
• Outcome and process assessment (health care)
• Outcome assessment (health care)
• Outcome evaluation
• Outcome indicator
• Outcome variable
• Outcome
• Outcomes of health care
• Outcomes research
• Outline
• Outpatient health care visits ratio
• Outpatient
• Output
• Outreach work
• Over-the-counter drug
• Overall objective
• Overall
• Overview
• P value
• Paired design
• Pandemic
• Parallel group trial
• Parameter
• Parametric tests
• Parental consent
• Parental notification
• Parity
• Partial verification bias
• Participant
• Participatory research
• Partnership practice
• Pathogenicity
• Patient acceptance of health care
• Patient advocacy
• Patient advocate
• Patient care management
• Patient care
• Patient education handout
• Patient expected event rate
• Patient freedom of choice laws
• Patient participation
• Patient preference
• Patient rights
• Patient safety
• Patient satisfaction
• Patient selection
• Patient-centered care
• Patient-important outcomes
• Patient-mediated interventions
• Patient-reported outcome
• Patient
• Peer review
• Peer-reviewed journal
• Per capita government expenditure on health (PPP int. $)
• Per capita government expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)
• Per capita total expenditure on health (PPP int. $)
• Per capita total expenditure on health at average exchange rate (US$)
• Per protocol analysis
• Per protocol set
• Percentile
• Performance bias
• Performance criteria
• Perinatal care
• Perinatal mortality rate
• Perinatal mortality
• Perinatal period
• Perinatology
• Period analysis
• Period effect
• Period prevalence
• Permuted block design
• Person-time rate
• Person-time
• Person-years
• Personal narratives
• Personhood
• Peto method
• Pharmacoepidemiology
• Pharmacokinetics
• Pharmacopoeia
• Phase I clinical trials
• Phase II clinical trials
• Phase III clinical trials
• Phase IV clinical trials
• Physician
• Physicians ratio
• Pie chart
• Pilot study
• Placebo controlled study
• Placebo effect
• Placebo therapy
• Placebo
• Plagiarism
• Planned analyses
• Point estimate
• Point prevalence
• Poisson distribution
• Policy making
• Policy question
• Policy-maker
• Policy
• Polyclinic
• Pooled estimate
• Pooling
• Population (in thousands) total
• Population characteristics
• Population control
• Population density
• Population distribution
• Population dynamics
• Population genetics
• Population groups
• Population growth
• Population health
• Population living in urban areas
• Population median age (years)
• Population projection
• Population proportion over 60
• Population proportion under 15
• Population pyramid
• Population stratification
• Population study
• Population surveillance
• Population-based survey
• Population-proportional sampling
• Population
• Position-specific scoring matrix
• Positive correlation
• Positive likelihood ratio
• Positive predictive value of case definition
• Positive predictive value of detecting outbreaks/cases
• Positive predictive value
• Positive study
• Post-exposure prophylaxis
• Post-neonatal mortality rate
• Post-term birth
• Post-test odds
• Post-test probability
• Posterior distribution
• Posterior probability
• Postmarketing product surveillance
• Postnatal care
• Postpartum
• Power
• Practice guideline
• Practice-based research
• Pragmatic trial
• Pre-post design with comparison group – quasi-experimental
• Pre-post design without comparison group – naturalistic
• Pre-test odds
• Pre-test probability
• Pre-test/post-test design
• Pre-test
• Precautionary principle
• Precision
• Preclinical drug evaluation
• Preclinical research
• Predictive factor
• Predictive value
• Pregnancy complications
• Pregnancy in adolescence
• Pregnancy outcome
• Pregnancy rate
• Pregnancy trimesters
• Pregnancy wastage
• Pregnancy-related death
• Pregnancy
• Prejudice
• Premature labor
• Premature rupture of membranes
• Preparedness
• Preschool child
• Preterm birth
• Preterm premature rupture of membranes
• Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding through 120 days of age
• Prevalence of moderate and severe nutritional deficiency in children less than 5 years
• Prevalence of use of contraceptive methods in women
• Prevalence rate
• Prevalence study
• Prevalence
• Prevention trials
• Prevention
• Preventive health services
• Preventive intervention
• Preventive medicine
• Prima facie
• Primary care practice-based research
• Primary care research
• Primary care setting
• Primary care
• Primary endpoint
• Primary infertility
• Primary nursing care
• Primary outcome
• Primary prevention
• Primary research
• Primary sources
• Primary study
• Primigravida
• Primordial prevention
• Principal component analysis
• Principles
• Principlism
• Prior probability
• Priority diseases
• Priority setting/rationing
• Privacy
• Private practice
• Probabilistic cause
• Probability distribution
• Probability sampling
• Probability theory
• Probability
• Process assessment (health care)
• Process evaluation
• Process indicator
• Processes of health care
• Product line management
• Professional ethics guidelines
• Professional ethics
• Professional misconduct
• Professional nurses ratio
• Prognosis
• Prognostic factors
• Prognostic study
• Prognostic variable
• Program development
• Program evaluation
• Program
• Project
• Prolonged pregnancy
• Propensity score
• Proportion of deliveries attended by trained personnel
• Proportion of population below the international poverty line
• Proportion of population below the national poverty line
• Proportion of pregnant women attended by trained personnel during pregnancy
• Proportion of urban population
• Proportion
• Proportional hazards model
• Proportionate mortality
• Proposal
• Prospective cohort study
• Prospective study
• Prospective surveillance
• Prospective
• Protocol amendment
• Protocol deviation
• Protocol
• Provider adherence
• Psychosocial intervention
• Puberty
• Public health administration
• Public health care sector
• Public health emergency
• Public health informatics
• Public health intervention
• Public health law
• Public health nursing
• Public health practice
• Public health surveillance
• Public health
• Public policy
• Publication bias
• Published erratum
• Purposeful sampling
• Q statistic
• Qualitative meta-analysis
• Qualitative methods
• Qualitative research
• Quality assurance
• Quality control
• Quality improvement
• Quality of a study
• Quality of health care
• Quality of life trials
• Quality of life
• Quality of medical care
• Quality score
• Quality standards
• Quality-adjusted life expectancy
• Quality-adjusted life-year (QALY)
• Quality
• Quantitative methods
• Quantitative research
• Quasi randomized
• Quasi-random allocation
• Questionnaire
• ROC curve
• Race-specific mortality rate
• Random allocation
• Random assignment
• Random error
• Random permuted blocks
• Random sample
• Random-effects model
• Random
• Randomization
• Randomized clinical trial
• Randomized controlled trial
• Range
• Rate ratio
• Rate
• Ratio
• Reasoning
• Recall bias
• Recall period
• Records
• Recruitment status
• Recruitment
• Recurrent miscarriage
• Recursive partitioning analysis
• Reference population
• Reference standard
• Reference values
• Reference
• Referral and consultation
• Referral bias
• Referred care
• Reflexivity
• Regimen
• Regional health planning
• Registries
• Regression analysis
• Regression coefficient
• Regression equation
• Regression line
• Regression to the mean
• Regulatory authorities
• Relative benefit increase
• Relative diagnostic odds ratio
• Relative difference
• Relative poverty
• Relative risk increase
• Relative risk reduction
• Relative risk
• Relative survival rate
• Relative value scales
• Relevance
• Reliability
• Reminder systems
• Replicate
• Reporting bias
• Representative sample
• Representativeness
• Reproducibility of results
• Reproducibility
• Reproduction
• Reproductive behavior
• Reproductive control agents
• Reproductive health services
• Reproductive health
• Reproductive history
• Reproductive medicine
• Reproductive rights
• Research design
• Research ethics
• Research peer review
• Research personnel
• Research protocol
• Research question
• Research subjects
• Research support
• Research translation
• Research
• Researcher-subject relations
• Residual confounding
• Resource allocation
• Resource costs
• Respect for human dignity
• Respect for persons
• Restricted randomization
• Retracted publication
• Retraction of publication
• Retrospective cohort study
• Retrospective study
• Retrospective survey
• Retrospective
• Review of reviews
• Review process
• Review
• Rights
• Risk adjustment
• Risk assessment
• Risk difference
• Risk factor
• Risk management
• Risk ratio
• Risk-benefit ratio
• Risk
• Rosenthal effect
• Run-in period
• Rural health services
• Rural health
• Rural population
• Safe sex
• Safety and tolerability
• Safety management
• Safety monitoring
• Safety of an intervention
• Safety
• Sample size
• Sample
• Sampling bias
• Sampling design
• Sampling error
• Sampling frame
• Sampling studies
• Scarcity
• Scatter diagram
• Scenario
• Scientific misconduct
• Screening trials
• Screening
• Search bias
• Seasonality
• Second trimester pregnancy
• Secondary attack rate
• Secondary care
• Secondary data
• Secondary infecundity
• Secondary infertility
• Secondary outcome
• Secondary prevention
• Secondary research
• Secondary sources
• Secondary study
• Secular trends
• Selection bias
• Selective prevention
• Selective screening
• Self-efficacy
• Self-reported infecundity
• Sensitivity analysis
• Sensitivity and specificity
• Sensitivity in surveillance
• Sensitivity of case definition
• Sensitivity of detection of cases
• Sensitivity of the detection of outbreaks
• Sensitivity
• Sentinel effect
• Sentinel surveillance
• Sequential sample
• Sequential trial
• Serious adverse event
• Seroepidemiologic studies
• Setting of the intervention
• Severity of illness index
• Sex characteristics
• Sex counseling
• Sex distribution
• Sex education
• Sex factors
• Sex ratio
• Sex-specific mortality rate
• Sex
• Sexology
• Sexual abstinence
• Sexual abuse
• Sexual behavior
• Sexual development
• Sexual health
• Sexual maturation
• Sexual partners
• Sexual rights
• Sexuality
• Sexually transmitted disease
• Sham therapy
• Side effect
• Significant
• Simple random sample
• Simple random sampling
• Simple randomization
• Simple regression
• Single blind study
• Single person
• Situation analysis
• Skewed distribution
• Skilled birth attendant
• Small for gestational age
• Small-area analysis
• SnNout
• Snowball sampling
• Social care
• Social class
• Social epidemiology
• Social marketing
• Social medicine
• Social security
• Social work
• Socioeconomic factors
• Socioeconomic gradient in health
• Source data
• Source documents
• SpPin
• Space-time clustering
• Spatial sampling
• Specific fertility rate in women 15-19 years of age
• Specific objectives
• Specific target group
• Specification
• Specificity in surveillance
• Specificity
• Spectrum bias
• Sponsor-investigator
• Sponsor
• Sporadic
• Spot map
• Stakeholder
• Standard deviation
• Standard error
• Standard gamble
• Standard operating procedures
• Standard treatment
• Standardized instruments
• Standardized mean difference
• Standardized mortality ratio/rate
• Standardized rate
• Standards of care
• State of the art
• Statistical analysis plan
• Statistical factor analysis
• Statistical inference
• Statistical significance test
• Statistical significance
• Statistically significant
• Statistics
• Stillbirth
• Stochastic process
• Stopped early trials
• Stopping rule
• Stratification
• Stratified random sampling
• Stratified randomization
• Stratified sampling
• Strength of evidence
• Strength of inference
• Strength of the association
• Structure of health systems or health facilities
• Structured abstracts
• Structured interview
• Study endpoint
• Study type
• Study validity
• Subgroup analysis
• Subinvestigator
• Subject identification code
• Subjective measures
• Subjects
• Suburban population
• Sufficient cause
• Summative evaluation
• Superiority trial
• Supervisor
• Supplier- induced demand
• Surrogate endpoint
• Surrogate variable
• Surveillance
• Survey
• Survival analysis
• Survival bias
• Survival curve
• Survival rate
• Survival
• Sustainability
• Sustainable health promotion actions
• Systematic error
• Systematic random sampling
• Systematic review
• Systematic sampling
• Target condition
• Target endpoints
• Target-negative
• Target-positive
• Technical efficiency
• Technical report
• Technology assessment
• Tele-epidemiology
• Telemedicine
• Temporal sequence
• Temporality
• Term birth
• Terminology
• Tertiary care
• Tertiary level research
• Tertiary prevention
• Test article
• Test of association
• Test threshold
• Textbook
• The 10/90 gap
• Theoretical saturation
• Therapeutic equivalency
• Therapeutic human experimentation
• Third trimester pregnancy
• Third-party consent
• Threshold NNT
• Time to event
• Time trade-off
• Time-series design
• Timeliness of reporting
• Tolerability of an intervention
• Total cost
• Total expenditure on health
• Total fertility rate
• Toxicity
• Transcript
• Translational research
• Transmission
• Treatment IND
• Treatment effect
• Treatment emergent
• Treatment failure
• Treatment outcome
• Treatment refusal
• Treatment trials
• Treatment
• Trend
• Triage
• Trial of therapy
• Trial site
• Trial statistician
• Trialist
• Triangulation
• Trim-and-fill method
• True negative
• True positive
• Twin study
• Two-tailed test
• Type I error
• Type II error
• Unblinded
• Unconfounded comparison
• Uncontrolled trial
• Under-five mortality, estimated
• Underlying cause of death
• Underregistered deaths
• Unexpected adverse drug reaction
• Unintended pregnancy
• Unit of allocation
• Unit of analysis error
• Univariate analysis
• Universal health care
• Universal precautions
• Universal prevention
• Universal target group
• Unlinked information
• Unmet need for family planning
• Unplanned analyses
• Unplanned pregnancy
• Unpublished works
• Unsafe abortion
• Unsafe sex
• Unwanted pregnancy
• Up-front costs
• Urban population
• Users of reviews
• Utilitarianism
• Utility measures
• Utility
• Utilization focused evaluation
• Utilization/use of health services
• Utilization
• Validated instrument
• Validation studies
• Validation
• Validity
• Values
• Variability
• Variable cost
• Variable
• Variance
• Verification bias
• Vertical equity
• Very low birth weight
• Very preterm birth
• Virtues
• Virulence factors
• Virulence
• Vital statistics
• Vulnerable populations
• Waiting list
• Waiting time
• Washout period/phase
• Weighted kappa
• Weighted least squares regression
• Weighted mean difference
• Weighted mean
• Weighted sample
• Well-being of the trial subjects
• Wellness
• Women's health services
• Women's rights
• Years of life lost
• Years of potential life lost
• Zero population growth
• Zero reporting
• Zygote

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