Gp120

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Gp120

Gp120 (pronounced: gee-pee-one-twenty) is a glycoprotein that is found on the surface of the HIV virus. It is a crucial component in the virus's ability to infect host cells.

Etymology

The term "Gp120" is derived from "glycoprotein 120," which refers to its molecular weight of approximately 120 kilodaltons.

Function

Gp120 is responsible for the initial attachment of the virus to the host cell. It binds to the CD4 receptor on the surface of the cell, which allows the virus to fuse with the cell membrane and enter the cell. This is the first step in the process of viral infection.

Related Terms

  • Glycoprotein: A type of protein that has sugar molecules attached to it. Glycoproteins are often found on the surface of cells and viruses, and play a role in many biological processes, including immune response and cell-cell communication.
  • CD4 receptor: A protein found on the surface of certain immune cells, including T cells and macrophages. The CD4 receptor is the primary target of the HIV virus.
  • HIV: Human Immunodeficiency Virus, the virus that causes AIDS. HIV infects and destroys certain types of immune cells, leading to a progressive weakening of the immune system.
  • AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the most advanced stage of HIV infection. AIDS is characterized by a severe weakening of the immune system, making the body susceptible to opportunistic infections and cancers.

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