Head lice

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Head Lice

Head lice (pronunciation: /hɛd laɪs/), scientifically known as Pediculus humanus capitis, are parasitic insects that infest the hair and scalp of humans. The term "head lice" is derived from the Old English "lūs", which means louse.

Description

Head lice are small, wingless insects that feed on human blood. They are about the size of a sesame seed and can be grayish-white or tan. Head lice move by crawling and cannot jump or fly. They lay eggs, known as nits, which are attached to the hair shaft close to the scalp.

Transmission

Head lice are primarily spread through direct head-to-head contact with an infested person. They can also be spread by sharing personal items like combs, brushes, hats, and headphones. However, they cannot be spread by pets as they only infest humans.

Symptoms

The most common symptom of a head lice infestation is itching on the scalp, neck, and ears. This is caused by an allergic reaction to the lice bites. Other symptoms may include a tickling feeling in the hair, difficulty sleeping (as lice are most active in the dark), and sores on the head caused by scratching.

Treatment

Treatment for head lice typically involves the use of over-the-counter or prescription medications that kill lice and their eggs. These are known as pediculicides. In addition to medication, combing the hair with a special fine-toothed comb can help remove nits.

Prevention

Prevention of head lice infestations involves avoiding head-to-head contact and not sharing personal items that come into contact with the hair. Regular checks for lice and nits, particularly in children, can also help detect and treat infestations early.

Related Terms

  • Nits: The eggs of head lice.
  • Pediculicides: Medications used to kill lice and their eggs.
  • Pediculosis: The medical term for a lice infestation.

External links

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