Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia (pronounced: hi-per-ka-LEE-mee-a) is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. The term is derived from the Greek words "hyper" meaning over or above, and "kalemia" meaning potassium in the blood.
Definition
Hyperkalemia is defined as a serum potassium level greater than 5.5 mmol/L. It is a common clinical problem that is most often a result of impaired urinary potassium excretion due to acute or chronic kidney disease (CKD) or the use of certain medications.
Causes
The most common causes of hyperkalemia include kidney disease, diabetes, and the use of medications that increase potassium levels in the body. These medications include certain diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and potassium supplements.
Symptoms
Symptoms of hyperkalemia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. Mild cases may not cause any symptoms, while severe cases can cause palpitations, muscle weakness, and fatigue. In extreme cases, hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening heart rhythm disturbances or cardiac arrest.
Treatment
Treatment for hyperkalemia typically involves treating the underlying cause, such as adjusting the dose or discontinuing medications that increase potassium levels. In severe cases, emergency treatment may be required to lower potassium levels quickly. This can include medications, dialysis, or other medical procedures.
Related Terms
- Hypokalemia: A condition characterized by low levels of potassium in the blood.
- Electrolyte imbalance: A condition characterized by abnormal levels of electrolytes in the body, which can include hyperkalemia.
- Renal failure: A medical condition where the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste products from the blood.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Hyperkalemia
- Wikipedia's article - Hyperkalemia
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