Hyperosmolar syndrome

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Hyperosmolar Syndrome

Hyperosmolar syndrome (pronunciation: /ˌhaɪpərɒzˈmɒlər ˈsɪndroʊm/) is a medical condition characterized by high levels of sugar in the blood, leading to severe dehydration and a state of hyperosmolarity.

Etymology

The term "hyperosmolar" is derived from the Greek words "hyper" meaning over or above, and "osmolar" referring to the concentration of a solution that can be measured in osmoles. "Syndrome" is derived from the Greek word "syndromē" which means "concurrence of symptoms, concourse of people".

Definition

Hyperosmolar syndrome, also known as Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State (HHS), is a serious complication that can occur in people with diabetes. It is characterized by extremely high blood sugar levels, severe dehydration, and concentration of the blood.

Symptoms

Symptoms of hyperosmolar syndrome may include excessive thirst, frequent urination, dry skin, fever, drowsiness, and confusion. In severe cases, it can lead to coma or even death if not treated promptly.

Causes

The primary cause of hyperosmolar syndrome is uncontrolled diabetes, particularly Type 2 diabetes. Other factors that can contribute to the development of this condition include illness, infection, certain medications, and inadequate fluid intake.

Treatment

Treatment for hyperosmolar syndrome typically involves rehydration with intravenous fluids, insulin therapy to lower blood sugar levels, and treatment of any underlying causes or complications.

Related Terms

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