Influenza viruses
Influenza Viruses
Influenza viruses (pronounced: /ˈɪn.fluːˈen.zə ˈvaɪ.rəs/) are a type of virus that cause the infectious disease known as influenza. The term "influenza" comes from the Italian word influenza, meaning "influence".
Types
There are four types of influenza viruses: A, B, C, and D. Influenza A and B viruses are responsible for seasonal epidemics almost every winter in the United States. Influenza C viruses are less common and cause mild illness, not causing epidemics. Influenza D viruses primarily affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people.
Structure
Influenza viruses are enveloped, with a capsid that is spherical or filamentous. The virus's genetic material is segmented RNA, which allows for the reassortment of genes when two different strains of the virus infect the same cell. This can lead to the creation of a new strain of the virus, a process known as antigenic shift.
Transmission
Influenza viruses are primarily transmitted through the air by droplets made when people with the virus cough, sneeze, or talk. They can also be spread by direct contact with respiratory secretions or by contact with contaminated surfaces.
Prevention and Treatment
Prevention of influenza includes annual vaccination, good hand hygiene, and avoiding close contact with sick individuals. Treatment typically involves rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medication to relieve symptoms. In some cases, antiviral medication may be prescribed.
See Also
References
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Influenza viruses
- Wikipedia's article - Influenza viruses
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