Interferons
Interferons
Interferons (pronounced: in-ter-FEER-ons) are a group of signaling proteins produced and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells. The term "Interferon" is derived from the ability of these proteins to "interfere" with viral replication within host cells.
Types of Interferons
Interferons are classified into three types: Type I Interferons, Type II Interferons, and Type III Interferons.
- Type I Interferons include Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and Interferon-beta (IFN-beta). They are produced in response to a viral infection and have antiviral activity.
- Type II Interferons include Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), which is involved in the immune response against pathogens and tumor cells.
- Type III Interferons include Interferon-lambda (IFN-lambda), which has a similar antiviral activity to Type I Interferons but with a more specific tissue distribution.
Function
Interferons have several functions. They are part of the body's innate immune system, helping to inhibit viral replication and activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages. They also increase the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, enhancing the presentation of viral and tumor antigens to T cells.
Clinical Use
Interferons have been used clinically to treat a number of diseases. Interferon-alpha is used to treat Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, as well as certain types of cancer, such as melanoma. Interferon-beta is used to treat Multiple Sclerosis. Interferon-gamma is used to treat Chronic Granulomatous Disease.
Side Effects
The use of Interferons can cause side effects, including flu-like symptoms, depression, and liver damage. These side effects can limit the use of Interferons in clinical practice.
Related Terms
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Interferons
- Wikipedia's article - Interferons
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