Lambert Eaton myasthenic syndrome

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Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome

Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) == Template:IPA ==

The Template:IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.

Pronunciation

The pronunciation of the term "IPA" is /aɪ piː eɪ/ in English.

Etymology

The term "IPA" is an acronym for the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association, founded in 1886, created the IPA to provide a single, universal system for the transcription of spoken language.

Related Terms

  • Phonetic notation: A system used to visually represent the sounds of speech. The IPA is one type of phonetic notation.
  • Phonetics: The study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phonemes), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception.
  • Phonology: The study of the way sounds function within a particular language or languages. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a particular language or languages.
  • Transcription (linguistics): The systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source of the words transcribe and transcription, the term means "to write across" in Latin, and it's the process of converting spoken language into written form. In linguistics, this is often done using the IPA.

External links

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Languages: - East Asian 中文, 日本, 한국어, South Asian हिन्दी, Urdu, বাংলা, తెలుగు, தமிழ், ಕನ್ನಡ,
Southeast Asian Indonesian, Vietnamese, Thai, မြန်မာဘာသာ, European español, Deutsch, français, русский, português do Brasil, Italian, polski, is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by muscle weakness of the limbs. The term originates from the names of the three physicians who first identified the condition in 1956: Edward Lambert, Lee Eaton, and E. H. Rooke.

Symptoms

The primary symptom of LEMS is muscle weakness, particularly in the legs and hips, which can lead to difficulty walking. Other symptoms may include dry mouth, impotence, constipation, and blurred vision.

Causes

LEMS is caused by an autoimmune response where the body's immune system attacks its own tissues. In the case of LEMS, the attack is on the nerve cells that control muscle movement. This results in a reduction in the number of acetylcholine receptors, which are necessary for muscle contraction.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of LEMS is typically made through a combination of clinical examination, medical history, and specialized tests such as electromyography and nerve conduction studies. Blood tests may also be used to detect the presence of voltage-gated calcium channel antibodies, which are often present in individuals with LEMS.

Treatment

Treatment for LEMS typically involves managing the symptoms and improving muscle strength. This may include medications to suppress the immune system, improve nerve-to-muscle signals, or manage specific symptoms. Physical therapy may also be beneficial.

Prognosis

The prognosis for individuals with LEMS varies. Some individuals may experience a significant improvement in their symptoms with treatment, while others may continue to experience muscle weakness and other symptoms.

See also

References


External links

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