Loop diuretics

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Loop Diuretics

Loop diuretics (pronounced: lo͞op dyo͝oˈretiks) are a class of diuretic drugs that act on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney. They are primarily used in medicine to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema (fluid accumulation in the body) often due to heart failure or kidney disease.

Etymology

The term "loop diuretic" is derived from their site of action, the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney. The word "diuretic" comes from the Greek diourein, meaning "to urinate".

Mechanism of Action

Loop diuretics inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (NKCC2) in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. This inhibition prevents the reabsorption of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions, leading to an increased excretion of these ions and accompanying water, hence their diuretic effect.

Examples

Common examples of loop diuretics include furosemide, bumetanide, and torsemide. These drugs are often used when there is a need for rapid or powerful diuresis, such as in acute heart failure.

Side Effects

Potential side effects of loop diuretics include dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, hypotension (low blood pressure), and ototoxicity (ear damage).

Related Terms

  • Diuretic: A substance that promotes diuresis, the increased production of urine.
  • Hypertension: A long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
  • Edema: A condition characterized by an excess of watery fluid collecting in the cavities or tissues of the body.
  • Sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter: A protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells.

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