Macula densa
Macula Densa
Macula densa (pronunciation: /ˈmakjʊlə ˈdɛnsə/) is a part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus in the kidney. The term "macula densa" is derived from Latin, where "macula" means "spot" and "densa" translates to "dense", referring to the densely packed cells in this region.
Function
The macula densa is a group of specialized cells in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney. These cells respond to changes in sodium chloride concentration in the tubular fluid and regulate the function of the glomerulus, a network of tiny blood vessels in the kidney.
Role in Renal Physiology
In renal physiology, the macula densa plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. It senses the concentration of sodium chloride in the tubular fluid and sends signals to the juxtaglomerular cells to adjust the glomerular filtration rate, thereby controlling the amount of sodium reabsorbed by the body and the volume of urine produced.
Clinical Significance
Abnormalities in the macula densa can lead to various kidney disorders. For instance, a decrease in the sodium chloride concentration sensed by the macula densa can cause an increase in renin release from the juxtaglomerular cells, leading to hypertension.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Macula densa
- Wikipedia's article - Macula densa
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