Manic depression

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Manic Depression

Manic depression, also known as bipolar disorder (pronounced: bye-poh-lar dis-or-der), is a mental health condition characterized by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).

Etymology

The term "manic depression" comes from the Greek words "mania" meaning madness and "depression" from the Latin "deprimere" meaning to press down. The term was first used in the medical literature in the 19th century.

Symptoms

Symptoms of manic depression can include periods of mania, characterized by high energy, reduced need for sleep, and loss of touch with reality. Depression symptoms can include low energy, low motivation, and loss of interest in daily activities. Mood swings can occur very quickly, within hours or days, and can be severe enough to interfere with daily activities.

Related Terms

  • Mood disorder: A category of mental health disorders that includes conditions like manic depression and major depressive disorder.
  • Mania: A state of elevated mood, energy, and activity.
  • Hypomania: A less severe form of mania.
  • Depression: A state of low mood and aversion to activity.
  • Bipolar I disorder: A subtype of bipolar disorder characterized by at least one manic episode.
  • Bipolar II disorder: A subtype of bipolar disorder characterized by hypomanic and depressive episodes.

Treatment

Treatment for manic depression often involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle changes. Medications can include mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Psychotherapy can include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), family-focused therapy, and other types of counseling.

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