Mental disorder
Mental Disorder
Mental disorder (pronunciation: /ˈmɛntəl dɪsˈɔːdər/), also known as mental illness, is a broad term used to describe a wide range of conditions that affect mood, thinking, and behavior.
Etymology
The term "mental disorder" is derived from the Latin words "mens" meaning "mind" and "ordo" meaning "order". The term thus implies a deviation from a normal, orderly mental state.
Definition
A Mental disorder is generally characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behavior, and relationships with others. Mental disorders include depression, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, eating disorders, and addictive behaviors.
Classification
Mental disorders are classified according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). These classification systems provide a common language for mental health professionals and aid in diagnosis and treatment.
Causes
The causes of mental disorders are varied and in many cases, unknown. They are believed to be a complex interplay of genetic, biological, personality and environmental factors. Some mental disorders have been linked to abnormal functioning of nerve cell circuits or pathways that connect particular brain regions.
Treatment
Treatment for mental disorders varies by disorder and by individual. Treatments can involve psychotherapy, medication, and various methods of psychoeducation. In some cases, treatment may also involve hospitalization.
Related Terms
- Psychiatry: The medical specialty devoted to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.
- Psychology: The scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a given context.
- Neurology: The branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system, which may include some mental disorders.
- Psychotherapy: The use of psychological methods, particularly when based on regular personal interaction, to help a person change behavior and overcome problems in desired ways.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Mental disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Mental disorder
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