Midbrain
Midbrain
The Midbrain or Mesencephalon (pronounced: /ˌmɛsɛnˈsɛfəlɒn/) is a portion of the central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal (alertness), and temperature regulation.
Etymology
The term "Midbrain" is derived from the Greek words "mesos", meaning "middle", and "encephalon", which refers to the "brain".
Structure
The midbrain is the smallest region in the brain, and is located between the cerebrum and the hindbrain matched with the pons and medulla. It is composed of the tectum and tegmentum. The midbrain, pons, and medulla collectively form the brainstem.
Function
The midbrain serves important functions in motor movement, particularly movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing. It is located within the brainstem and between the two other developmental regions of the brain, the forebrain and the hindbrain; compared with those regions, the midbrain is relatively small.
Related Terms
- Brainstem: The part of the brain continuous with the spinal cord and comprising the medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, and parts of the hypothalamus, functioning in the control of reflexes and such essential internal mechanisms as respiration and heartbeat.
- Tectum: The dorsal part of the midbrain, containing the superior and inferior colliculi.
- Tegmentum: The ventral part of the midbrain, contrasting with the tectum. It communicates with the cerebrum, thalamus, and medulla oblongata.
- Cerebrum: The largest part of the brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action.
- Hindbrain: The lower part of the brain that includes the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Midbrain
- Wikipedia's article - Midbrain
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