Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) /mɒnoʊˈæmiːn ˈɒksɪdeɪs ɪnˈhɪbɪtərs/ are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). They have a long history of use as medications prescribed for the treatment of depression.
Etymology
The term "Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors" is derived from the names of their target enzymes, monoamine oxidase A and B. "Monoamine" refers to the type of neurotransmitter these enzymes act upon, "oxidase" refers to the type of reaction they catalyze, and "inhibitor" refers to the action of these drugs in preventing this reaction.
Mechanism of Action
MAOIs work by inhibiting the activity of monoamine oxidase, thus preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters and thereby increasing their availability. There are two isoforms of monoamine oxidase, MAO-A and MAO-B. MAO-A preferentially deaminates serotonin, melatonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. MAO-B preferentially deaminates phenethylamine and certain other trace amines. Inhibiting these enzymes allows for higher concentrations of these neurotransmitters in the brain, leading to improved mood and anxiety symptoms.
Related Terms
- Antidepressant: A medication used to treat depression. MAOIs are a type of antidepressant.
- Neurotransmitter: A type of chemical messenger which transmits signals across a chemical synapse.
- Serotonin: A neurotransmitter that contributes to feelings of well-being and happiness.
- Norepinephrine: A neurotransmitter involved in the body's stress response.
- Epinephrine: Also known as adrenaline, a hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the body's stress response.
- Phenethylamine: A trace amine and influencer of many neurotransmitters.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
- Wikipedia's article - Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
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