Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) /ˈmʌltɪpl ˌɛndəˈkriːn nɪˈpleɪziə/ is a group of rare, inherited disorders affecting the endocrine system. These disorders increase the risk of developing benign and malignant tumors in various endocrine glands.
Etymology
The term "multiple endocrine neoplasia" is derived from the Greek words "poly" (many), "endo" (within), "krinein" (to separate), and "neoplasia" (new growth). It refers to the condition's characteristic of causing multiple tumors within the endocrine glands.
Types
There are several types of MEN, each with its own set of symptoms, affected glands, and associated tumors. The most common types are:
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1)
MEN1 is characterized by tumors in the parathyroid glands, pituitary gland, and pancreas. It is caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2)
MEN2 is further divided into three subtypes: MEN2A, MEN2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). It is characterized by medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and hyperparathyroidism. MEN2 is caused by mutations in the RET gene.
Symptoms
Symptoms of MEN vary depending on the type and the affected glands. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, frequent urination, and kidney stones.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of MEN involves a combination of clinical evaluation, genetic testing, and imaging studies. Genetic testing can confirm the presence of mutations in the MEN1 or RET genes.
Treatment
Treatment for MEN depends on the type, the affected glands, and the severity of the symptoms. It often involves surgery to remove the tumors and medication to manage the symptoms.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Multiple endocrine neoplasia
- Wikipedia's article - Multiple endocrine neoplasia
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