Myxedema

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Myxedema

Myxedema (pronounced: mix-uh-dee-muh) is a term used in medicine to describe severe hypothyroidism that can occur in adults. It is characterized by swelling of the skin and underlying tissues, giving a waxy consistency.

Etymology

The term "myxedema" is derived from the Greek words "myxa" meaning mucus, and "oidema" meaning swelling. It was first used in the 19th century to describe the changes in the skin observed in patients with severe hypothyroidism.

Symptoms

The symptoms of myxedema can vary, but often include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and changes in the skin. The skin changes can include dryness, coolness, and a yellowish color. In severe cases, myxedema can lead to a life-threatening condition known as myxedema coma.

Causes

Myxedema is caused by a deficiency in the thyroid hormone, which can occur for a variety of reasons. The most common cause is Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks the thyroid gland. Other causes can include surgical removal of the thyroid gland, radiation treatment to the neck, and certain medications.

Treatment

Treatment for myxedema involves replacing the missing thyroid hormone. This is usually done with a medication called levothyroxine, which is taken daily. Regular monitoring of thyroid hormone levels is necessary to ensure the correct dose is being given.

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