Myxoedema

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Myxoedema

Myxoedema (pronounced: mix-oh-ee-dee-muh) is a severe form of hypothyroidism, a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. The term "myxoedema" refers to the associated skin condition that is caused by increased deposition of connective tissue components (including hyaluronic acid) in the skin, resulting in swelling.

Etymology

The term "myxoedema" is derived from the Greek words "myxa" meaning "mucus" and "oidema" meaning "swelling". It was first used in the late 19th century to describe the changes in the skin and underlying tissue that occur in severe, long-term hypothyroidism.

Symptoms

Symptoms of myxoedema can include fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, and changes in the menstrual cycle. Other symptoms can include dry skin, thinning hair, slow heart rate, and reduced ability to taste and smell. In severe cases, myxoedema can lead to myxoedema coma, a life-threatening condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Causes

Myxoedema is most commonly caused by an underactive thyroid gland (hypothyroidism). This can occur as a result of an autoimmune disease, such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or following treatment for an overactive thyroid, such as surgery or radioiodine therapy. Other causes can include certain medications, radiation therapy to the neck, and severe iodine deficiency.

Treatment

Treatment for myxoedema involves replacing the missing thyroid hormone with a synthetic version, such as levothyroxine. This helps to reverse the symptoms of hypothyroidism and prevent complications. Regular monitoring of thyroid function is also important to ensure the correct dosage of medication is being taken.

Related Terms

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