Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

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Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (pronounced: ne-fro-jen-ic dia-be-tes in-si-pi-dus) is a rare disorder where the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine. This condition is characterized by excessive urination and thirst, even when the body has a low fluid level.

Etymology

The term "Nephrogenic" is derived from the Greek words "nephros" meaning kidney and "genesis" meaning origin. "Diabetes" comes from the Greek word "diabainein" which means to pass through, referring to the excessive urination associated with the condition. "Insipidus" is Latin for tasteless, referring to the dilute, tasteless urine produced by those with the condition.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus are polyuria (excessive urination) and polydipsia (excessive thirst). These symptoms are due to the kidneys' inability to concentrate urine, leading to the production of large amounts of dilute urine and subsequent dehydration.

Causes

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus can be either inherited or acquired. The inherited form is caused by mutations in the AVPR2 or AQP2 genes, which are involved in the regulation of water balance in the body. The acquired form can be caused by various factors such as kidney disease, certain medications, and electrolyte imbalances.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus involves a series of tests including a water deprivation test, urine analysis, and blood tests. Genetic testing may also be performed in cases where an inherited form of the condition is suspected.

Treatment

Treatment for nephrogenic diabetes insipidus primarily involves managing the symptoms and preventing dehydration. This can be achieved through a low-salt diet, drinking plenty of fluids, and in some cases, medication.

See also

External links

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