Enteric nervous system
Enteric Nervous System
The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) /ɛnˈtɛrɪk ˈnɜːrvəs ˈsɪstəm/ is one of the main divisions of the nervous system that directly controls the gastrointestinal system. It is derived from the Greek words "enteron" meaning intestine, and "kentron" meaning center.
Etymology
The term "Enteric Nervous System" is derived from the Greek words "enteron" (intestine) and "kentron" (center). It was first used in the late 19th century to describe the system of neurons that govern the function of the gastrointestinal system.
Function
The ENS is often referred to as the "second brain" or the "brain in the gut" because it can operate independently of the brain and spinal cord, the central nervous system (CNS). It is responsible for controlling the processes of digestion, including the mixing and propelling of food through the stomach and intestines, and the secretion of digestive enzymes.
Structure
The ENS consists of two main ganglia: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These ganglia are interconnected by interneurons and surrounded by a complex network of sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
Related Terms
- Neuron: The basic working unit of the nervous system, a specialized cell designed to transmit information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
- Gastrointestinal system: The system of organs responsible for getting food into and out of the body and for making use of food to keep the body healthy.
- Myenteric plexus: A network of nerve fibers that innervate the muscles in the gastrointestinal tract and control the movements of the gut.
- Submucosal plexus: A network of nerve fibers that control the secretions of the gut.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Enteric nervous system
- Wikipedia's article - Enteric nervous system
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