Neuromuscular junction

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Neuromuscular Junction

The Neuromuscular Junction (pronounced: neuro-muscular junction, /ˈnʊəroʊˌmʌskjʊlər ˈdʒʌŋkʃən/) is a specialized synapse formed between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. It is fundamental to the process of muscle contraction.

Etymology

The term "Neuromuscular Junction" is derived from the Greek words neuron (nerve), mys (muscle), and the Latin junctio (joining). It refers to the point where a nerve and muscle join or connect.

Function

The primary function of the Neuromuscular Junction is to transmit signals from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber, leading to muscle contraction. This is achieved through the release of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine from the motor neuron. The acetylcholine binds to receptors on the muscle fiber, triggering a response that leads to muscle contraction.

Related Terms

  • Motor Neuron: A type of nerve cell that sends signals from the brain and spinal cord to the muscles.
  • Muscle Fiber: A single muscle cell that contracts in response to stimulation.
  • Synapse: The junction between two nerve cells, where impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.
  • Acetylcholine: A neurotransmitter in the nervous system that transmits signals across a synapse.
  • Muscle Contraction: The process by which a muscle becomes shorter and tighter.

Disorders

Disorders of the Neuromuscular Junction include Myasthenia Gravis, a chronic autoimmune neuromuscular disease that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles, and Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, a disorder in which faulty communication between nerves and muscles leads to muscle weakness.

External links

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