Organ system

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Organ System

An Organ System (pronunciation: /ˈɔːrɡən ˈsɪstəm/) is a group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions. Each does a particular job in the body, and is made up of certain tissues.

Etymology

The term "organ" comes from the Old English organe, and ultimately from the Latin organum, "instrument, tool", itself from Greek ὄργανον (órganon), "organ, instrument, tool". The term "system" comes from the Latin systema, from Greek σύστημα (sýstēma).

Related Terms

  • Organ: A group of tissues with a specific function in the body.
  • Tissue: A cellular organizational level between cells and a complete organ.
  • Cell: The basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all known organisms.
  • Body System: Another term for organ system, often used interchangeably.
  • Homeostasis: The state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems.

Organ Systems in the Human Body

The human body is made up of several organ systems that all work together as a unit. These include the:

  • Circulatory System: The body system responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, oxygen and other gases, and hormones to and from cells.
  • Digestive System: The system by which ingested food is acted upon by physical and chemical means to provide the body with absorbable nutrients and to excrete waste products.
  • Endocrine System: The collection of glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
  • Nervous System: The network of nerve cells and fibers that transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body.
  • Respiratory System: A series of organs responsible for taking in oxygen and expelling carbon dioxide.
  • Muscular System: An organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body.
  • Skeletal System: The framework of the body, consisting of bones and other connective tissues, which protects and supports the body tissues and internal organs.
  • Immune System: A complex network of cells, tissues, organs, and the substances they make that helps the body fight infections and other diseases.
  • Reproductive System: The organs and glands in the body that aid in the production of new individuals (reproduction).

Each of these systems is composed of individual parts which work together to perform a unified function, and each system functions in relation to other systems in the complex human body.

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