Orthographies and dyslexia

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Orthographies and Dyslexia

Orthographies (/ɔːrˈθɒɡrəfiːz/; from Greek: ὀρθός, orthós, "correct" and γράφειν, gráphein, "to write") are standardized systems for writing the words of a particular language. They include rules of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation.

Dyslexia (/dɪsˈlɛksiə/; from Greek: δυσ-, dys-, "difficult" and λέξις, léxis, "word") is a learning disorder that involves difficulty reading due to problems identifying speech sounds and learning how they relate to letters and words (decoding).

Orthographies and dyslexia are closely related as the complexity of a language's orthography can impact the severity and prevalence of dyslexia.

Orthographies

Orthographies are used to standardize the writing system of a language, and they can be either deep or shallow. Deep orthographies, such as English, have complex and irregular spelling rules, while shallow orthographies, like Italian, have simple and regular spelling rules.

Deep orthographies are more challenging for individuals with dyslexia because the relationship between spelling and pronunciation is not always straightforward.

Shallow orthographies, on the other hand, have a more direct relationship between spelling and pronunciation, which can make reading easier for individuals with dyslexia.

Dyslexia

Dyslexia is a neurobiological condition that affects the brain's ability to process written language. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition, poor spelling, and decoding abilities.

Dyslexia is not a reflection of intelligence or desire to learn; with appropriate teaching methods, students with dyslexia can learn successfully.

The relationship between orthographies and dyslexia is a significant area of research in the field of educational psychology and neurolinguistics.

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