Osteoblasts

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Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts (pronounced: os·te·o·blast, /ˈɒstɪəʊˌblast/) are specialized cells that are responsible for the formation of new bone tissue, a process known as osteogenesis or bone formation. The term "osteoblast" is derived from the Greek words "osteon," meaning bone, and "blastos," meaning germ or sprout.

Function

Osteoblasts are crucial for the skeletal system as they produce a protein mixture known as osteoid, which is composed of collagen and other proteins. This osteoid forms the organic part of the bone matrix. Osteoblasts also play a role in the mineralization of the bone matrix, contributing to the hardness and rigidity of bones.

Development

Osteoblasts originate from mesenchymal stem cells, which are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types. These stem cells differentiate into osteoblasts under the influence of various growth factors and hormones, including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and parathyroid hormone (PTH).

Related Terms

  • Osteocyte: A mature bone cell, formed when an osteoblast becomes embedded in the matrix it has secreted.
  • Osteoclast: A type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue, a process known as bone resorption. This is essential for the maintenance, repair, and remodelling of bones.
  • Osteogenesis: The process of bone formation, carried out by osteoblasts.
  • Osteoid: The unmineralized, organic portion of the bone matrix that forms prior to the maturation of bone tissue.

See Also

External links

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