Parasympathomimetics
Parasympathomimetics
Parasympathomimetics (pronunciation: /ˌpærəˌsɪmpəθoʊˈmɪmɪtɪks/) are a class of drugs that mimic or enhance the actions of the Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). They are also known as cholinergic drugs because they enhance the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter used by the PNS.
Etymology
The term "Parasympathomimetics" is derived from the Greek words "para" meaning beside, "sympathos" meaning suffering together with, and "mimetic" meaning imitative. This refers to the drug's ability to mimic the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.
Types of Parasympathomimetics
Parasympathomimetics can be divided into two main types: direct-acting and indirect-acting.
- Direct-acting parasympathomimetics directly stimulate the muscarinic and nicotinic receptors, mimicking the action of acetylcholine. Examples include pilocarpine and bethanechol.
- Indirect-acting parasympathomimetics inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which breaks down acetylcholine in the synapse, thereby increasing the amount of available acetylcholine. Examples include donepezil and rivastigmine.
Uses
Parasympathomimetics are used in a variety of medical conditions, including Glaucoma, Myasthenia gravis, Alzheimer's disease, and Gastrointestinal disorders. They can also be used to reverse the effects of certain types of Anesthesia.
Side Effects
Common side effects of parasympathomimetics include Nausea, Vomiting, Diarrhea, Abdominal cramps, Increased salivation, and Blurred vision. In severe cases, they can cause Bradycardia, Hypotension, and Bronchospasm.
Related Terms
- Parasympatholytics: Drugs that inhibit the actions of the parasympathetic nervous system.
- Sympathomimetics: Drugs that mimic or enhance the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.
- Sympatholytics: Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Parasympathomimetics
- Wikipedia's article - Parasympathomimetics
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