Patched
Patched
Patched (/pætʃd/), often abbreviated as PTCH, is a term used in the field of medicine and genetics to refer to a family of receptor proteins that play a crucial role in embryonic development and the regulation of adult stem cells. The term "patched" is derived from the fruit fly gene 'patched' which, when mutated, results in a characteristic "patched" or segmented phenotype.
Etymology
The term "patched" originates from the fruit fly gene 'patched'. The gene was named for the "patched" or segmented phenotype that results when the gene is mutated. The term was later adopted in human genetics to refer to a similar family of genes and their associated proteins.
Function
Patched proteins are integral membrane proteins that function as receptors for hedgehog proteins. They play a crucial role in embryonic development and the regulation of adult stem cells. Mutations in patched genes can lead to a variety of developmental disorders and cancers, including basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma.
Related Terms
- Hedgehog signaling pathway: A key signaling pathway in which patched proteins play a crucial role.
- Basal cell carcinoma: A type of skin cancer that can result from mutations in patched genes.
- Medulloblastoma: A type of brain tumor that can result from mutations in patched genes.
- Drosophila melanogaster: The fruit fly species in which the patched gene was first identified.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Patched
- Wikipedia's article - Patched
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