Pentylenetetrazol

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Pentylenetetrazol (pronunciation: pen-ty-le-ne-te-tra-zol), also known as Metrazol, is a drug that is primarily used as a circulatory and respiratory stimulant. High doses of this medicine can cause seizures, and for this reason, it has been used in convulsive therapy. However, its use has been largely discontinued due to the development of safer drug alternatives.

Etymology

The term "Pentylenetetrazol" is derived from its chemical structure. It is a compound made up of five (penta-) carbon atoms (-ylene-) and a tetrazole group (-tetrazol).

Pharmacology

Pentylenetetrazol acts as a GABA antagonist, which means it inhibits the action of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain. This inhibition leads to an increase in neuronal activity, which can result in seizures. The drug is also known to stimulate the cardiovascular system, increasing heart rate and blood pressure.

Medical Uses

Historically, Pentylenetetrazol was used in convulsive therapy, similar to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), to treat certain psychiatric disorders. However, due to the severe side effects and the development of safer alternatives, its use in this context has been largely discontinued.

Side Effects

The side effects of Pentylenetetrazol can be severe and include seizures, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, and anxiety. Due to these side effects, the drug is rarely used in modern medicine.

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