Periodic table
Periodic Table
The Periodic Table (pronunciation: /pɪˈriːədɪk ˈteɪbəl/) is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized based on their atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties. Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, which corresponds to the number of protons in an element's atomic nucleus.
Etymology
The term "Periodic Table" comes from the table's structure, which shows a periodic trend in the properties of the elements. The word "periodic" is derived from the Greek word "periodos", meaning "recurring at intervals", while "table" comes from the Old English "tabele", meaning "a flat slab, especially for food".
Structure
The Periodic Table is divided into several blocks:
- The s-block includes the first two groups: alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, as well as hydrogen and helium.
- The p-block comprises the last six groups, which include the boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and noble gas groups.
- The d-block contains the transition metals.
- The f-block includes the lanthanides and the actinides.
Related Terms
- Atomic number: The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, which determines the chemical properties of an element and its place in the periodic table.
- Electron configuration: The distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals.
- Chemical properties: Characteristics of a substance that become evident during a chemical reaction.
- Chemical elements: Pure chemical substances consisting of a single type of atom distinguished by its atomic number.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Periodic table
- Wikipedia's article - Periodic table
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