Phenols

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Phenols

Phenols (/ˈfiːnɒl/, /ˈfiːnɔːl/), also known as carbolic acids, are a type of organic compound that contain a hydroxyl functional group (-OH) directly bonded to an aromatic hydrocarbon group.

Etymology

The term "phenol" is derived from the Ancient Greek words phainein (meaning "to show") and -ol (a suffix used in organic chemistry to denote substances containing hydroxyl groups).

Structure and Properties

Phenols are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a benzene ring. This structure imparts certain unique properties to phenols, such as their ability to form hydrogen bonds and their relatively high acidity compared to other alcohols.

Classification

Phenols can be classified into two main types: simple phenols and polyphenols. Simple phenols contain only one hydroxyl group, while polyphenols contain more than one. Examples of simple phenols include phenol itself and cresol, while examples of polyphenols include tannins and flavonoids.

Uses

Phenols are used in a wide range of applications, including as antiseptics in healthcare, as disinfectants in household cleaning products, and as precursors in the synthesis of many industrial chemicals.

Health Effects

Exposure to phenols can have various health effects, depending on the level and duration of exposure. These can range from skin and eye irritation to more serious effects such as respiratory problems and damage to the central nervous system.

Related Terms

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