Piriformis syndrome

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Piriformis Syndrome

Piriformis syndrome (pronunciation: /ˌpɪrɪˈfɔːrmɪs sɪnˈdroʊm/) is a neuromuscular disorder that occurs when the sciatic nerve is compressed or otherwise irritated by the piriformis muscle causing pain, tingling, or numbness in the buttocks and along the path of the sciatic nerve descending down the lower thigh and into the leg.

Etymology

The term "Piriformis" is derived from the Latin word "piriformis" which means "pear-shaped". This is in reference to the shape of the piriformis muscle. The term "syndrome" is derived from the Greek word "σύνδρομον" (sýndromon) which means "concurrence of symptoms, concourse, concurrence".

Symptoms

Symptoms of piriformis syndrome may include a dull ache in the buttock, pain down the back of the thigh, calf and foot (sciatica), pain when walking up stairs or inclines, and increased pain after prolonged sitting.

Causes

Piriformis syndrome is primarily caused by the piriformis muscle spasming and causing pain. The piriformis muscle can also irritate the nearby sciatic nerve and cause pain, numbness and tingling along the back of the leg and into the foot (similar to sciatic pain).

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of piriformis syndrome is typically done through a physical examination and medical history. Other tests such as MRI or nerve conduction studies may be used to rule out other conditions that could be causing the symptoms.

Treatment

Treatment for piriformis syndrome often involves physical therapy, medication, and in some cases, surgery. Physical therapy may include exercises to improve posture, flexibility, and strength. Medications may include anti-inflammatory drugs, muscle relaxants, or injections of corticosteroid or anesthetic into the piriformis muscle.

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