Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy (pronounced: /ˈpliːəˌtrəpi/) is a term used in Genetics to describe the phenomenon where a single gene influences multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. The term was first coined by the British geneticist Reginald Punnett in 1914.
Etymology
The term 'Pleiotropy' is derived from the Greek words 'pleio', which means 'more', and 'tropos', which means 'way'. Thus, it refers to the 'more ways' in which a single gene can affect an organism.
Related Terms
- Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism.
- Phenotype: The observable characteristics or traits of an organism.
- Allele: One of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome.
- Mutation: A change in the DNA sequence of a gene.
- Epistasis: A phenomenon where the effect of one gene is dependent on the presence of one or more 'modifier genes'.
Examples of Pleiotropy
One of the most well-known examples of pleiotropy is the Marfan Syndrome, a disorder of the connective tissue. The gene responsible for this syndrome affects multiple systems of the body, including the skeletal, cardiovascular, and ocular systems.
Another example is the Sickle Cell Disease, where a mutation in a single gene results in various symptoms such as anemia, episodes of pain, and frequent infections.
Implications of Pleiotropy
Pleiotropy has significant implications in the study of genetics and diseases. It helps in understanding the genetic basis of complex diseases and can provide insights into the development of therapeutic strategies.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pleiotropy
- Wikipedia's article - Pleiotropy
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