Portal hypertension

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Portal Hypertension

Portal hypertension (/ˈpɔːrtəl haɪpərˈtɛnʃən/) is a medical condition characterized by an increase in blood pressure within a system of veins called the portal venous system.

Etymology

The term "portal hypertension" is derived from the Latin words "porta" meaning gate and "hypertensio" meaning tension or pressure. It refers to the increased pressure in the portal vein, the "gate" through which blood flows from the digestive system to the liver.

Definition

Portal hypertension is defined as a hepatic venous pressure gradient. Cirrhosis (scarring of the liver) is the most common cause of portal hypertension; other, less frequent causes are therefore grouped as non-cirrhotic portal hypertension.

Symptoms

Symptoms of portal hypertension may include ascites, esophageal varices, and splenomegaly. In severe cases, it can lead to liver failure.

Diagnosis

Diagnosis of portal hypertension is often made through medical imaging, including ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI. Blood tests may also be used to measure liver function and check for signs of cirrhosis.

Treatment

Treatment for portal hypertension aims to reduce the blood pressure in the portal vein. This can be achieved through medication, such as beta blockers, or through surgical procedures, such as a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS).

Related Terms

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