Positional cloning
Positional Cloning
Positional cloning, also known as Map-based cloning or Gene hunting, is a technique used to identify, isolate and sequence specific genes responsible for a particular phenotype or disease.
Pronunciation
Positional cloning: /pəˈzɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l ˈkləʊnɪŋ/
Etymology
The term "positional cloning" is derived from the method's approach to identifying genes based on their position on a chromosome. The term "cloning" refers to the process of producing identical copies of molecules, cells, or organisms.
Definition
Positional cloning is a method used in molecular biology and genetics to identify genes, especially those associated with diseases, based on their location on a chromosome. This method does not require prior knowledge of the gene's function or the genetic basis of the disease.
Process
The process of positional cloning involves several steps:
- Linkage analysis: This is the initial step where researchers identify the approximate location of the gene on the chromosome.
- Fine mapping: In this step, the exact location of the gene is determined.
- Candidate gene identification: Here, all genes in the identified region are considered as potential candidates.
- Gene sequencing: The candidate genes are sequenced to identify any mutations.
- Functional analysis: The final step involves confirming the function of the identified gene.
Related Terms
- Genome mapping: The process of determining the location of genes on a chromosome.
- Genetic linkage: The tendency of genes that are close together on a chromosome to be inherited together.
- Molecular genetics: The field of biology that studies the structure and function of genes at a molecular level.
- Genetic marker: A gene or DNA sequence with a known location on a chromosome that can be used to identify individuals or species.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Positional cloning
- Wikipedia's article - Positional cloning
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