Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe and disabling form of premenstrual syndrome affecting 3–8% of menstruating women. The disorder consists of a "cluster of affective, behavioral and somatic symptoms" that recur monthly during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.
Pronunciation
PMDD is pronounced as /piː ɛm diː diː/.
Etymology
The term "Premenstrual" is derived from the Latin words "prae-" meaning "before", and "mensis" meaning "month". "Dysphoric" comes from the Greek word "dysphoria" which means "difficult to bear". "Disorder" is derived from the Old French "desordre" meaning "lack of order or sequence".
Symptoms
The symptoms of PMDD are similar to those of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), but are more severe and often interfere with a woman's daily activities. Symptoms may include mood swings, irritability, depression, anxiety, feeling overwhelmed, difficulty concentrating, and physical symptoms such as breast tenderness, headaches, joint or muscle pain, bloating and weight gain.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of PMDD is based on the presence of at least five of the symptoms listed above, with one of them being a mood-related symptom. The symptoms must be present in the week before menstruation and disappear within a few days after menstruation starts. The symptoms must also interfere with daily activities or relationships.
Treatment
Treatment for PMDD includes lifestyle changes, cognitive behavioral therapy, and medication. Medications may include antidepressants, hormonal contraceptives, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists.
Related Terms
- Premenstrual syndrome
- Menstrual cycle
- Luteal phase
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Antidepressants
- Hormonal contraceptives
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
- Wikipedia's article - Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
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