Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic cells (pronunciation: pro-kar-ee-ot-ik cells) are a type of cell that lack a nucleus and other organelles due to the absence of a defined nuclear membrane. The term "prokaryotic" is derived from the Greek words "pro" meaning "before" and "karyon" meaning "kernel" or "nut", signifying the primitive structure of these cells.
Prokaryotic cells are typically smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. They are the earliest form of life on earth and are predominantly single-celled organisms. The two primary domains of prokaryotes are Bacteria and Archaea.
Structure
Prokaryotic cells have a simple cell structure. The genetic material is not enclosed in a nuclear envelope, but is located in a region of the cell called the Nucleoid. They also lack other membrane-bound organelles such as Mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula. However, they do contain ribosomes, which are smaller than those in eukaryotic cells.
Reproduction
Prokaryotic cells reproduce asexually through a process known as Binary fission, which is a form of cell division. Some prokaryotes can also exchange genetic material through a process called Horizontal gene transfer.
Metabolism
Prokaryotic cells have diverse metabolic capabilities. They can be photosynthetic, chemotrophic, or heterotrophic. Some prokaryotes can survive in extreme environments, such as hot springs and deep-sea vents, due to their unique metabolic pathways.
Significance
Prokaryotic cells play a crucial role in the biosphere. They are involved in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and are the most abundant cell type in the human microbiome. Some prokaryotes are pathogenic, causing diseases in humans and other organisms.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Prokaryotic cells
- Wikipedia's article - Prokaryotic cells
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