Proparacaine hydrochloride

Proparacaine Hydrochloride

Proparacaine hydrochloride (pronunciation: proh-para-kane hy-droh-klor-ide) is a commonly used local anesthetic in ophthalmology. It is often used for procedures such as tonometry, gonioscopy, and other short procedures.

Etymology

The term "Proparacaine" is derived from the chemical structure of the drug, which is a derivative of the amino ester group of local anesthetics. The suffix "-caine" is common in local anesthetics, indicating its function. The term "hydrochloride" refers to the hydrochloride salt form of the drug, which enhances its solubility for medicinal use.

Pharmacology

Proparacaine hydrochloride works by blocking sodium channels on the nerve cells, preventing the propagation of nerve impulses and thus causing a temporary loss of sensation. It is a surface anesthetic that is applied topically, and its effects are usually felt within 30 seconds and last for approximately 15 minutes.

Related Terms

Local Anesthetic: A type of medication used to numb a specific area of the body.
Sodium Channels: Protein channels in the cell membrane that allow sodium ions to pass through.
Amino Ester: A group of compounds derived from carboxylic acids by replacing a hydroxyl group with an amino group.
Tonometry: A diagnostic test that measures the pressure inside the eye, which is called intraocular pressure.
Gonioscopy: A diagnostic exam that helps to determine whether the angle where the iris meets the cornea is open and wide or narrow and closed.