Pulmonary hypoplasia
Pulmonary Hypoplasia
Pulmonary hypoplasia (pronounced: pul-MON-ary hy-po-PLA-zia) is a medical condition characterized by the underdevelopment or incomplete development of the lungs. The term originates from the Latin pulmo meaning lung, and the Greek hypoplasia meaning under formation.
Definition
Pulmonary hypoplasia is a condition where the lung or lungs fail to develop properly, resulting in a decrease in the size and number of alveoli, the tiny air sacs in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. This condition can affect one or both lungs.
Causes
Pulmonary hypoplasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), oligohydramnios (a condition characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid), and certain genetic syndromes. It can also occur as a result of other conditions that restrict normal lung growth during fetal development.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pulmonary hypoplasia can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include difficulty breathing, rapid breathing, bluish skin color due to lack of oxygen (cyanosis), and underdevelopment of the chest wall.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pulmonary hypoplasia can be challenging. It is often diagnosed prenatally through an ultrasound examination. Postnatal diagnosis may involve a physical examination, imaging studies such as a chest X-ray or CT scan, and lung function tests.
Treatment
Treatment for pulmonary hypoplasia depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. It may include supportive care such as oxygen therapy, mechanical ventilation, or surgery to repair associated anomalies like CDH.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with pulmonary hypoplasia varies widely and depends on the severity of the condition and the presence of other associated anomalies or conditions.
See Also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pulmonary hypoplasia
- Wikipedia's article - Pulmonary hypoplasia
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