Pulmonary vein stenosis
Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare and serious medical condition that affects the pulmonary veins. Pronounced as "pul-mon-ary vein sten-o-sis", the term originates from the Latin words 'pulmo' meaning lung, 'vena' meaning vein, and the Greek word 'stenosis' meaning narrowing.
Definition
Pulmonary vein stenosis is a condition characterized by a narrowing of the lumen of the pulmonary veins, the blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. This narrowing can restrict blood flow and lead to complications such as pulmonary hypertension and heart failure.
Causes
The exact cause of pulmonary vein stenosis is not fully understood. However, it is often associated with other heart defects present at birth, known as congenital heart disease. It can also occur after surgery to correct these defects.
Symptoms
Symptoms of pulmonary vein stenosis can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include shortness of breath, fatigue, rapid breathing, and failure to thrive in infants.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of pulmonary vein stenosis typically involves imaging tests such as an echocardiogram, computed tomography (CT) scan, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A cardiac catheterization may also be performed to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment options for pulmonary vein stenosis can include medications, balloon angioplasty, or surgery. In severe cases, a lung transplant or heart-lung transplant may be necessary.
Prognosis
The prognosis for individuals with pulmonary vein stenosis can vary widely. Factors that can affect prognosis include the severity of the stenosis, the presence of other heart defects, and the individual's overall health.
See also
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Pulmonary vein stenosis
- Wikipedia's article - Pulmonary vein stenosis
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