Repressor
Repressor
Repressor (/rɪˈprɛsər/) is a protein that inhibits the expression of one or more genes. It is a DNA- or RNA-binding protein that regulates the numbers of transcripts. Depending on the context within the cell, a repressor protein may be either an activator or a repressor of transcription.
Etymology
The term "repressor" originates from the Latin word 'repressus', meaning 'to press back or check'. It was first used in the context of genetics in the 1960s, following the discovery of the lac operon.
Function
Repressors bind to the operator, a specific DNA sequence, and prevent the RNA polymerase from binding to the promoter, thereby preventing transcription of the genes.
Types of Repressors
There are two types of repressors:
- Aporepressor: An aporepressor is a repressor that binds to the operator in the absence of a corepressor.
- Corepressor: A corepressor is a substance that inhibits the expression of genes. It is required by the aporepressor to serve its function.
Related Terms
- Inducer: A molecule that starts gene expression.
- Operon: A functioning unit of genomic DNA containing a cluster of genes under the control of a single promoter.
- Transcription factor: A protein that controls the rate of transcription of genetic information.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on Repressor
- Wikipedia's article - Repressor
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