Ribosome biogenesis

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Ribosome Biogenesis

Ribosome biogenesis (pronunciation: /ˈraɪbəˌsoʊm/ /ˌbaɪoʊˈdʒɛnɪsɪs/) is a biological process that produces ribosomes within a cell. The term is derived from the Greek words 'ribon', meaning 'ribonucleic acid', and 'genesis', meaning 'origin or formation'.

Overview

Ribosome biogenesis is a complex, multi-step process that involves the synthesis and assembly of four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and approximately 80 ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) into a functional ribosome. This process occurs in the nucleolus, a specialized subnuclear compartment, and is essential for protein synthesis and cell growth.

Process

The process of ribosome biogenesis begins with the transcription of the rRNA genes by RNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase III. The rRNA transcripts are then processed and modified, and assembled with r-proteins to form the small and large ribosomal subunits. The subunits are then exported from the nucleolus to the cytoplasm, where they combine to form a functional ribosome.

Regulation

The regulation of ribosome biogenesis is tightly controlled and is linked to the nutritional status, growth signals, and stress conditions of the cell. Several signaling pathways, including the mTOR pathway and the p53 pathway, are involved in the regulation of ribosome biogenesis.

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