S-layer
S-layer
The S-layer (pronounced "ess-layer") is a part of the cell envelope found in almost all archaea and many bacteria.
Etymology
The term "S-layer" is derived from the word "surface-layer", referring to its location on the outermost part of the cell.
Definition
The S-layer is a two-dimensional crystalline layer composed of protein or glycoprotein subunits. It is the most commonly observed cell surface structure in prokaryotic organisms. The S-layer provides a protective coat to the cell and can contribute to cell shape and surface properties.
Function
The S-layer serves several functions, including providing a physical barrier against environmental threats, acting as a molecular sieve, and aiding in the adhesion to surfaces and formation of biofilms. It can also play a role in evading the host immune response in pathogenic species.
Related Terms
- Archaea: A domain of single-celled microorganisms. These microbes have no cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles within their cells.
- Bacteria: A type of biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms.
- Protein: Large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
- Glycoprotein: Molecules that consist of a protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates.
- Biofilms: A collection of microorganisms where cells stick to each other on a surface.
External links
- Medical encyclopedia article on S-layer
- Wikipedia's article - S-layer
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