Scammony

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Scammony (== Template:IPA

The Template:IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) is a system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin alphabet. It was devised by the International Phonetic Association in the late 19th century as a standardized representation of the sounds of spoken language.

Pronunciation

The pronunciation of the term "IPA" is /aɪ piː eɪ/ in English.

Etymology

The term "IPA" is an acronym for the International Phonetic Alphabet. The International Phonetic Association, founded in 1886, created the IPA to provide a single, universal system for the transcription of spoken language.

Related Terms

  • Phonetic notation: A system used to visually represent the sounds of speech. The IPA is one type of phonetic notation.
  • Phonetics: The study of the physical sounds of human speech. It is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds (phonemes), and the processes of their physiological production, auditory reception, and neurophysiological perception.
  • Phonology: The study of the way sounds function within a particular language or languages. While phonetics concerns the physical production, acoustic transmission and perception of the sounds of speech, phonology describes the way sounds function within a particular language or languages.
  • Transcription (linguistics): The systematic representation of spoken language in written form. The source of the words transcribe and transcription, the term means "to write across" in Latin, and it's the process of converting spoken language into written form. In linguistics, this is often done using the IPA.

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Scammony, also known as Convolvulus scammonia, is a perennial plant of the Convolvulaceae family. It is native to the countries of the eastern part of the Mediterranean basin; it grows in bushy waste places, from Syria in the south to the Crimea in the north, its range extending westward to the Greek islands, where it is common.

Etymology

The term "Scammony" is derived from the Greek word "skammonia", which was used to describe plants of the Convolvulaceae family. The Greek term itself is believed to have been borrowed from a Semitic language, although the exact origin is unknown.

Description

Scammony is a twining perennial, bearing funnel-shaped flowers of a pinkish-white hue. The root, which is the part used medicinally, is large and perennial, penetrating deeply into the ground. It is cylindrical and often branched, externally brown and warty, internally white.

Medical Use

Scammony is used in medicine for its purgative properties. It is a powerful cathartic, and its active principle is a resin which the plant produces in its root. This resin, known as scammonium, is obtained by incising the living root.

Related Terms

  • Scammonium: The resin obtained from the root of the scammony plant, used as a powerful cathartic.
  • Convolvulaceae: The botanical family to which the scammony plant belongs.
  • Cathartic: A substance that accelerates defecation, often used in medicine to cleanse the bowels.

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