Secondary immunodeficiency

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Secondary Immunodeficiency

Secondary immunodeficiency (pronounced: /ˌsɛkənˈdɛri ˌɪmjuːnoʊdɪˈfɪʃənsi/), also known as acquired immunodeficiency, is a state in which the immune system is less effective due to an external factor. This is in contrast to primary immunodeficiency, which is caused by genetic defects.

Etymology

The term "secondary immunodeficiency" is derived from the Latin word "secundarius" meaning "second" and the Greek words "immunos" meaning "exempt" and "deficiency" meaning "lack". This term is used to describe the condition where the immune system becomes less effective due to factors other than genetic defects.

Causes

Secondary immunodeficiency can be caused by a variety of factors including malnutrition, aging, certain infections, and medical treatments such as chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs. It can also occur as a result of diseases such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and leukemia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of secondary immunodeficiency can vary widely depending on the underlying cause, but may include frequent or recurrent infections, poor wound healing, fatigue, weight loss, and an increased susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and certain types of cancer.

Treatment

Treatment for secondary immunodeficiency typically involves addressing the underlying cause. This may include nutritional support for those with malnutrition, appropriate treatment for infections, and adjustment of medication doses for those receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs. In some cases, immunoglobulin therapy may be used to boost the immune system.

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